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. 2025 Aug 8;17:1526088. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2025.1526088

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Copyright © 2025 Bae, Ha, Choung, Cho, Oh, Lee, Youn, Kim, Song and Shin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Front and side view illustrations of a head wearing a device with a central circular element and horizontal and vertical dashed lines intersecting at the circle. — The tVAS (transcranial vibroacoustic stimulation) device.