TABLE 2.
Neuropsychological assessment scores using the CERAD-K battery in participants before and after the intervention.
| CERAD-K | 20 Hz tVAS | 40 Hz tVAS | p-value | |
| Attention | Baseline | 1.69 ± 0.29 | 1.53 ± 0.37 | 0.732a |
| Week 8 | 1.83 ± 0.28 | 3.21 ± 1.04 | ||
| Change from baseline | 0.13 ± 0.21 | 1.68 ± 0.80 | 0.015*b | |
| p-valuec | 0.552 | 0.061 | ||
| Memory | Baseline | 0.82 ± 0.78 | 1.40 ± 0.59 | 0.560a |
| Week 8 | 3.41 ± 0.67 | 2.26 ± 0.87 | ||
| Change from baseline | 2.59 ± 0.74 | 0.87 ± 0.57 | 0.075a | |
| p-valuec | 0.006** | 0.156 | ||
| Language | Baseline | 0.55 ± 0.16 | 0.86 ± 0.13 | 0.140a |
| Week 8 | 0.87 ± 0.16 | 0.90 ± 0.11 | ||
| Change from baseline | 0.32 ± 0.13 | 0.04 ± 0.10 | 0.133b | |
| p-valuec | 0.039* | 0.707 | ||
| Visuospatial Function | Baseline | 0.12 ± 0.28 | −0.54 ± 0.44 | 0.437a |
| Week 8 | 0.16 ± 0.23 | −0.51 ± 0.34 | ||
| Change from baseline | 0.04 ± 0.38 | 0.02 ± 0.51 | 0.541b | |
| p-valuec | 0.917 | 0.962 | ||
| Executive Function | Baseline | 1.47 ± 0.52 | 1.13 ± 0.73 | 0.752a |
| Week 8 | 1.19 ± 0.47 | 2.84 ± 0.74 | ||
| Change from baseline | −0.31 ± 0.47 | 1.03 ± 0.75 | 0.217a | |
| p-valuec | 0.545 | 0.209 | ||
| TS 1 | Baseline | 0.31 ± 0.23 | 0.11 ± 0.23 | 0.546a |
| Week 8 | 1.12 ± 0.16 | 0.84 ± 0.29 | ||
| Change from baseline | 0.82 ± 0.21 | 0.74 ± 0.27 | 0.820a | |
| p-valuec | 0.003** | 0.018* | ||
| TS 2 | Baseline | 0.38 ± 0.21 | 0.23 ± 0.21 | 0.602a |
| Week 8 | 1.17 ± 0.15 | 0.88 ± 0.25 | ||
| Change from baseline | 0.79 ± 0.19 | 0.65 ± 0.23 | 0.648a | |
| p-valuec | 0.002** | 0.017* | ||
aObtained from an independent t-test.
bObtained from a Mann–Whitney U test.
cObtained from a paired t-test. TS 1 and TS 2 are presented as z-score.
*p < 0.05;
*s*p < 0.01.