Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies
|
Author,year of publication,country |
Study design |
No. of patients(mean age ± SD) |
Follow-up |
Study population |
Intervention |
Periodontal assessment |
Outcome measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
RCT: randomised control trial, CG: control group, TG: test group, T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus, MetS: metabolic syndrome, PAD: peripheral arterial disease, CAD: coronary artery disease, CHD: coronary heart disease, PPD: periodontal probing depth, CAL: clinical attachment level, BOP: bleeding on probing, VPI: visible plaque index, GPI: gingival periodontal index, PRF: presence of plaque retention factors, GI: gingival index, VP: visible plaque, PI/PII: plaque index, GBI: gingival bleeding index, GR: gingival recession, LOA: loss of attachment, IL: interleukin, TNF: tumour necrosis factor, hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, TG: triglyceride, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC: total cholesterol, FPG: fasting plasma glucose, HOMA: homeostasis model assessment, WBC: white blood cell, NP: neopterin, BP: blood pressure, FMD: flow-mediated dilatation, baPWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, IMT: intima-media thickness, PAT: peripheral arterial tone, EPC: endothelial progenitor cell, PAI: plasminogen activator inhibitor, PET/CT: positron emission tomography/computed tomography. | |||||||
|
Kolte et al, 2023 India 19 |
RCT |
CG = 30 TG = 30 The age range of 30–60 years. |
Clinical follow-up at 3- (periodontal status only) and 6- months |
Adults with controlled T2DM and Stage III periodontitis |
CG: dental prophylaxis (supragingival plaque removal, oral hygiene instruction) TG: non-surgical periodontal therapy (supragingival plaque control, oral hygiene instruction, subgingival scaling and root) |
PPD, CAL, BOP |
IL-10, TNF-α, hs-CRP, Fasting blood glucose, post-meal blood glucose, HbA1c |
|
Milanesi et al, 2022 Brazil 33 |
RCT |
CG = 79 TG = 79 Missing Data |
Clinical follow-up at 3- and 6- months |
MetS patients with periodontitis stage 3-4 grade B/C |
CG: no periodontal therapy TG: non-surgical periodontal therapy (oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planning) |
VPI, GPI, PRF, BOP, PPD and CAL |
BP, TG, HDL-C, glucose, HbA1c, CRP and HOMA index |
|
Lobo et al, 2020 Brazil 28 |
RCT |
CG = 24 (54.6 ± 6.7) TG = 24 (52.7 ± 9.3) |
Clinical follow-up at 6 months |
Adults with myocardial infraction and severe periodontitis |
CG: no periodontal therapy TG: non-surgical periodontal therapy (oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planning) |
PPD, CAL, BOP, VP |
FMD, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 |
|
Montero et al, 2020 Spain 35 |
RCT |
CG = 31 (58.3 ± 5.8) TG = 32 (56.7 ± 6.5) |
Clinical follow-up at 3- and 6- months |
MetS patients with periodontitis stages 3–4 |
CG: dental prophylaxis (supragingival plaque removal, oral hygiene instruction) TG: non-surgical periodontal therapy (supragingival plaque control, oral hygiene instruction, subgingival scaling and root) |
PPD, CAL, BOP, PII, GI |
Hs-CRP, α-1 antitrypsin, WBC, HbA1c, FPG, insulin, creatinine, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α |
|
Seinost et al, 2020 Austria 49 |
RCT |
CG = 30 (59 ±8.4) TG = 30 (58.7 ± 7.9) + 29 (59.6 ± 8.5) |
Clinical follow-up at 3 months |
PAD patients with periodontitis |
CG: oral hygiene instruction TG: non-surgical periodontal therapy (oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planning) |
BOP, PPD and CAL |
Vascular inflammation via PET/CT |
|
Montenegro et al, 2019 Brazil 34 |
RCT |
CG = 43 (60.8 ± 8.5) TG = 39 (58.4 ± 9.2) |
Clinical follow-up at 3 months |
Adults, with a diagnosis of stable CAD and severe chronic periodontitis |
CG: dental prophylaxis (supragingival plaque removal, oral hygiene instruction) TG: non-surgical periodontal therapy (supragingival plaque control, oral hygiene instruction, subgingival scaling and root planning) |
VPI, GBI, GR, PPD, BOP and CAL |
CRP Lipid and glycemic profiles (glucose, HbA1c, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C) Systemic cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) |
|
Saffi et al, 2018 Brazil 43 |
RCT |
CG: N = 38 (61.7 ± 8.3) TG: N = 31 (58.6 ± 8.5) |
Clinical follow-up at 3 months |
Adults diagnosed stable CAD and severe chronic periodontitis |
CG: dental prophylaxis (supragingival plaque removal, oral hygiene instruction) TG: non-surgical periodontal therapy (supragingival plaque control, oral hygiene instruction, subgingival scaling and root planning) |
VPI, GR, PPD, BOP and CAL |
FMD mesuring, CRP, lipid and glycemic profiles (glucose, HbA1c, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C) |
|
Zhou et al, 2017 China 65 |
RCT |
CG: N = 54 (38.38 ± 9.31) TG: N = 53 (41 ± 8.64) |
Clinical follow-up at 1-, 3- and 6- months |
Prehypertensive adults with moderate to severe periodontitis |
CG: dental prophylaxie (supragingival plaque removal, oral hygiene instruction) TG: non-surgical periodontal therapy (supragingival plaque control, oral hygiene instruction, subgingival scaling and root planning) + minocycline hydrochloride ointment |
PPD, CAL and BOP |
BP, EMPs, CRP and IL-6 |
|
Ren et al, 2016 China 41 |
RCT |
CG: N = 47 (45.0 ± 9.2) TG: N = 46 (44.5 ± 10. 1) |
Clinical follow-up at 1 month |
Adults with moderate to severe periodontitis |
CG: dental prophylaxis (supragingival plaque removal, oral hygiene instruction) TG: non-surgical periodontal therapy (supragingival plaque control, oral hygiene instruction, subgingival scaling and root planning) |
PPD, CAL and BOP |
baPWV, ABI, NP, CRP and IL-6 |
|
Caúla et al, 2014 Brazil 6 |
RCT |
CG = 32 (44 ± 6.5) TG = 32 (44.4 ± 5.9) |
Clinical follow-up at 2- and 6- months |
Adult with severe and chronic periodontitis |
CG: no periodontal therapy TG: non-surgical periodontal therapy (supragingival plaque control, oral hygiene instruction, subgingival scaling and root planning) |
PPD, CAL BOP and plaque index |
CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, lipid profile (TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C) |
|
Kapellas et al, 2014 Australia 16 |
RCT |
CG: N = 135 (40.3 ± 9.6) TG: N = 138 (40.2 ± 10.9) |
Clinical follow-up at 3- and 12- months |
Adults with moderate periodontitis |
CG: oral hygiene instruction TG: non-surgical periodontal therapy (oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planning) |
CAL, PPD and VPI |
PWV and IMT |
|
Bokhari et al, 2012 Pakistan 3 |
RCT |
CG: N = 105 (50.1 ± 0.9) TG: N = 212 (49 ± 0.6) |
Clinical follow-up at 1- and 2 months |
Adult diagnosed CHD case, with periodontitis |
CG: no periodontal therapy TG: non-surgical periodontal therapy (supragingival plaque control, oral hygiene instruction, subgingival scaling and root planning) |
BOP, PPD and CAL |
CRP, fibrinogen, and WBCs |
|
Chen et al, 2012 China 7 |
RCT |
CG: N = 41 (63.2 ± 8.51) TG 1: N = 42 (59.86 ± 9.48) TG 2: N = 43 (57.91 ± 11.35) |
Clinical follow-up at 1,5-, 3- and 6 months |
Adults with T2DM and moderate to severe periodontitis |
CG: oral hygiene instruction TG 1: non-surgical periodontal therapy (oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planning) and subgingival debridement at 3 months follow-up TG 2: non-surgical periodontal therapy (oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planning) and supragingival debridement at 3 months follow-up |
PI, BOP, PPD, GR and CAL |
HbA1c, hs-CRP, FPG, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and TNF-α |
|
Li et al, 2011 China 23 |
RCT |
CG: N = 25 (59.7 ± 10.3) TG: N = 25 (58.6 ± 11.6) |
Clinical follow-up at 3 months |
Adult with periodontitis |
CG: no periodontal therapy TG: non-surgical periodontal therapy (oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planning) |
VPI, PPD and BOP |
EPC, PAT index, CRP, Apolipoprotein and lipoprotein |
|
Kamil et al, 2011 Jordan 15 |
RCT |
CG: N = 18 (45.4 ± 3.3) TG: N = 18 (46.7 ± 3.4) |
Clinical follow-up at 3 months |
Adult with advanced periodontitis |
CG: oral hygiene instruction TG: non-surgical periodontal therapy (oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planning) |
PI, GI and PPD |
CRP, lipid profile (TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C) |
|
Taylor et al, 2010 Australia 53 |
RCT |
CG = 64 (55.7 ± 12.2) + 54 (56.1 ± 12.1) TG = 61 (52.1 ± 13.3) |
Clinical follow-up at 8 weeks for TG and 12 weeks for CG |
Adult patients with periodontitis |
CG: no periodontal therapy TG: non-surgical periodontal therapy (oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planning) |
PPD, BOP and LOA |
Fibrinogen, CRP, PAI-1, lipid profile (TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C) and haematological markers |