Table 4. Summary of studies reporting antibody-decorated LBNPs.

Type of antibody used for functionalization		Type of lipid-based nanocarrier	Linker	Lipid composition	Size (nm) and PDI	ZP (mV)	Target cells	Advantages	Reference
CAB51		SLN	Streptavidin–biotin linkage	Compritol 888 ATO, CTAB, and Lutrol F68	∼200	∼+68	MCF-7 and BT-474 cancer cells	CAB51's role was to enhance cellular internalization, while the plain SLN, lacking a targeting moiety, showed no significant cellular accumulation. SLN-antibody conjugates decreased BT-474 cell viability to 61.0 ± 1.4% after 24 hours at a 0.01 mg mL−1 concentration	83
					∼0.3
Anti PD-L1 and anti-4-1BB antibody		ATRA-loaded SLNs	Thiol–maleimide chemistry (DSPE-PEG-MAL)	Sphingomyelin, tripalmitin, cholesterol, DSPE-PEG2000-amine, and DSPE-PEG2000-MAL	∼180	∼44	Cells expressing PD-L1 and 4-1BB (no specific cell line was mentioned)	ATRA release exhibited a biphasic pattern, achieving 76 ± 4.4% release within 24 hours under in vitro conditions. Synergistic effects combined with better T-cell responses were witnessed	84
					0.222 to 0.382
siRNA IDO1	Anti-CD44 and anti-PD-L1 aptamers	Liposomes	Thiol–maleimide chemistry	Cholesterol, DOTAP, DSPE-PEG2000, and DOPE	183	−1.31	MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line	Aptamer-conjugated liposomes exhibited enhanced targeting and higher drug accumulation in tumor cells compared to normal ones. DOX fluorescence intensity in tumors was significantly higher than in normal tissues, indicating significant preferential uptake. Additionally, DOX release reached 36% at pH 6.8 and 50% at pH 5.2 after 48 hours, mimicking tumor microenvironment conditions	85
					N/A