TABLE 2.
Factors associated with VTE among hospitalised patients with IBD
| Variable | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
Adj. ORa (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Age in years | ||
| <18 | 0.61 (0.46, 0.80) | 0.59 (0.45, 0.78) |
| 18–30 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 31–40 | 1.45 (1.36, 1.54) | 1.42 (1.34, 1.51) |
| 41–50 | 1.80 (1.70, 1.91) | 1.72 (1.62, 1.82) |
| 51–65 | 2.37 (2.25, 2.50) | 2.15 (2.04, 2.28) |
| 66–80 | 2.80 (2.65, 2.96) | 2.31 (2.17, 2.46) |
| >80 | 2.60 (2.43, 2.77) | 2.08 (1.93, 2.24) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Male | 1.14 (1.11, 1.18) | 1.12 (1.10, 1.16) |
| IBD subtype | ||
| Crohn’s disease | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.42 (1.38, 1.46) | 1.30 (1.26, 1.33) |
| Indeterminate colitis | 1.10 (0.95, 1.28) | 1.14 (0.98, 1.33) |
| Race | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.07 (1.02, 1.12) | 1.24 (1.18, 1.30) |
| Hispanic | 0.81 (0.75, 0.86) | 0.88 (0.82, 0.94) |
| Other | 0.84 (0.77, 0.91) | 0.89 (0.82, 0.97) |
| Unknown | 0.90 (0.86, 0.95) | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) |
| Median household zip code income quartile | ||
| Highest | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| High | 0.99 (0.95, 1.03) | 0.97 (0.94, 1.01) |
| Low | 0.95 (0.92, 0.99) | 0.93 (0.90, 0.97) |
| Lowest | 0.99 (0.95, 1.02) | 0.96 (0.92, 1.00) |
| Missing | 1.00 (0.91, 1.10) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.08) |
| Insurance status | ||
| Private | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Medicare | 1.50 (1.45, 1.54) | 1.09 (1.05, 1.14) |
| Medicaid | 0.95 (0.91, 1.00) | 1.04 (0.99, 1.09) |
| Self-pay | 0.78 (0.72, 0.85) | 0.88 (0.82, 0.96) |
| No charge | 0.88 (0.71, 1.08) | 0.99 (0.80, 1.22) |
| Other | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) | 1.05 (0.87, 1.61) |
| Malignancy | ||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 1.61 (1.52, 1.70) | 1.44 (1.36, 1.53) |
| Clostridioides difficile | ||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 1.90 (1.81, 2.00) | 1.61 (1.53, 1.69) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| None | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| One | 1.11 (1.07, 1.15) | 1.02 (0.98, 1.05) |
| ≥2 | 1.15 (1.11, 1.19) | 0.98 (0.95, 1.01) |
| History of VTE | ||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 2.85 (2.74, 2.97) | 1.75 (1.66, 1.84) |
| Chronic corticosteroid use | ||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 1.35 (1.28, 1.42) | 1.22 (1.16, 1.29) |
| Chronic anticoagulation use | ||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 3.49 (3.34, 3.64) | 2.09 (1.98, 2.21) |
| History of thrombophilia | ||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 4.40 (4.19, 4.62) | 3.48 (3.30, 3.66) |
| Colorectal surgery | ||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 0.95 (0.91, 1.00) | 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) |
| Flex sig/colonoscopy | ||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 1.25 (1.17, 1.33) | 1.21 (1.13, 1.29) |
| Year | ||
| 2000–2004 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 2005–2009 | 1.23 (1.17, 1.29) | 1.15 (1.10, 1.21) |
| 2010–2014 | 1.27 (1.21, 1.32) | 1.08 (1.03, 1.14) |
| 2014–2018 | 1.36 (1.30, 1.43) | 1.11 (1.06, 1.17) |
a
Adjusted for all variables listed in the table.
Abbreviations: Adj., Adjusted; CI, Confidence Interval; Flex Sig, Flexible Sigmoidoscopy; IBD, Inflammatory Bowel Disease; OR, Odds Ratio; VTE, Venous Thromboembolism.