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. 2025 Apr 3;5(4):469–476. doi: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00001

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Point spectra at different locations within an EV. Mean cluster AFM-IR spectra of EVs (a) compared well to a bulk FTIR spectrum of EVs (red). AFM-IR spectra are all averages of three spectra taken at the same location and smoothed using an Eiler’s smoother (see S2). Color of spectra (see S2) corresponds to the color of the approximate sampling position markers in the AFM topography image (b).