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. 2025 Aug 8;13:1615953. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1615953

FIGURE 2.

Graphs, immunoblot, and microscopy images compare AAV6-GFP and AAV6-GJA1-OE cardiac tissues. Panel A shows higher GJA1 expression in GJA1-OE tissues. Panel B immunoblot shows increased Cx43 in GJA1-OE. Panel C shows microscopy of cardiac tissues stained for GFP, cTnT, and Cx43, with DAPI highlighting nuclei. Panel D presents contractile force measurements over time. Panel E displays bar charts of spontaneous beating rate, contractile force, and velocities at 60 ppm. Panel F shows distance-time graphs with enlarged tissue views. Statistical analyses indicate significant differences in certain parameters.

Characteristics and functions of AAV6-GJA1-OE cardiac tissues. (A) GJA1 gene expression levels in AAV6-GFP and GJA1-treated hiPSC-CMs (n = 7). (B) Cx43 protein expression levels in AAV6-GFP and GJA1-treated hiPSC-derived cardiac tissues (n = 4). (C) Confocal microscopy images of AAV6-GFP and GJA1-treated cardiac tissues. Scale bar = 50 μm. (D) Representative contractile force data from AAV6-GFP and GJA1-treated cardiac tissues. (E) Spontaneous beating rate, and contractile and relaxation functions at 60 ppm in both tissue types (n = 10). (F) Motion capture images and analyses of AAV6-GFP and GJA1-treated tissues (n = 8). Abbreviations: AAV, adeno-associated virus; cTnT, cardiac troponin T; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cells; OE, overexpression.