Table 2.
Comparison of categorical variables among active smokers, non-smokers, and ex-smokers, a crosssectional study, Ordu University, Türkiye, 2024 (N=679)
| Variables | Active smokers (N=288) | Non-smokers (N=311) | Ex-smokers (N=80) | p* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | ||||
| Skin type | ||||
| Dry | 62 (21.5)* | 47 (15.1) | 21 (26.3)* | 0.012 |
| Oily | 55 (19.1) | 55 (17.7) | 21 (26.3) | |
| Mixed | 101 (35.1) | 99 (31.8) | 23 (28.8) | |
| Sensitive | 13 (4.5) | 23 (7.4) | 5 (6.3) | |
| Normal | 57 (19.8) | 87 (28.0)* | 10 (12.5) | |
| Regular skin care | ||||
| Yes | 93 (32.3)* | 113 (36.3)* | 15 (18.8) | 0.011 |
| No | 195 (67.7) | 198 (63.7) | 65 (81.3) | |
| Makeup application frequency | ||||
| Everyday | 65 (22.6) | 67 (21.5) | 11 (13.8) | 0.260 |
| Mostly | 34 (11.8) | 41 (13.2) | 7 (8.8) | |
| Special occasions | 42 (14.6) | 60 (19.3) | 17 (21.3) | |
| Never | 147 (51.0) | 143 (46.0) | 45 (56.3) | |
| Dietary supplement use | ||||
| Yes | 32 (11.1) | 36 (11.6) | 3 (3.8) | 0.111 |
| No | 256 (88.9) | 275 (88.4) | 77 (96.3) | |
| Hand moisturizer use | ||||
| Yes | 161 (55.9) | 190 (61.1) | 48 (60.0) | 0.423 |
| No | 127 (44.1) | 121 (38.9) | 32 (40.0) | |
| Facial moisturizer use | ||||
| Yes | 146 (50.7) | 165 (53.1) | 35 (43.8) | 0.330 |
| No | 142 (49.3) | 146 (46.9) | 45 (56.3) | |
| Body moisturizer use | ||||
| Yes | 83 (28.8) | 112 (36.0)* | 17 (21.3) | 0.020 |
| No | 205 (71.2) | 199 (64.0) | 63 (78.8) | |
| Frequency of moisturizer use | ||||
| Every day | 91 (31.6) | 112 (36.0)* | 20 (25.0) | 0.014 |
| 1–2 times per week | 44 (15.3) | 46 (14.8) | 9 (11.3) | |
| As needed | 63 (21.9) | 91 (29.3) | 27 (33.8)* | |
| Never | 90 (31.3)* | 62 (19.9) | 24 (30.0)* | |
| Anti-aging product use | ||||
| Yes | 46 (16.0) | 35 (11.3) | 6 (7.5) | 0.072 |
| No | 242 (84.0) | 276 (88.7) | 74 (92.5) | |
| Sun protection status | ||||
| Yes | 198 (68.8) | 226 (72.7) | 58 (72.5) | 0.544 |
| No | 90 (31.3) | 85 (27.3) | 22 (27.5) | |
| Frequency of sunscreen use | ||||
| Only summer | 106 (36.8) | 106 (34.1) | 37 (46.3) | 0.062 |
| Year-round | 92 (31.9) | 118 (37.9) | 17 (21.3) | |
| Never | 90 (31.3) | 87 (28.0) | 26 (32.5) | |
| Frequency of sunscreen use | ||||
| Never | 88 (30.6) | 85 (27.3) | 27 (33.8) | 0.192 |
| 1 time per day | 147 (51.0) | 171 (55.0) | 47 (58.8) | |
| 2 times per day | 33 (11.5) | 41 (13.2) | 4 (5.0) | |
| Every 1–2 hours | 20 (6.9) | 14 (4.5) | 2 (2.5) | |
*
Pearson’s chi-squared test, statistically significant at p<0.05.