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. 2002 Apr 2;99(7):4748–4751. doi: 10.1073/pnas.032086299

Table 1.

Lyapunov spectra for different initial conditions (columns) and different values of the tie breaking parameter ɛ

ɛ λ k = 1 2 3 4 5
0 λ1 +1.0 +1.4 +0.4 +0.4 +0.4
λ2 +0.2 +0.3 +0.3 +0.3 +0.3
λ3 −0.5 −0.4 −0.3 −0.3 −0.3
λ4 −0.7 −1.2 −0.4 −0.4 −0.4
0.25 λ1 +49.0 +35.3 +16.6 +0.4 +0.4
λ2 +0.3 +0.3 +0.4 +0.2 +0.3
λ3 −0.3 −0.1 −0.4 −0.2 −0.3
λ4 −49.0 −35.5 −16.5 −0.4 −0.4
0.50 λ1 +61.6 +35.0 +28.1 +12.1 +0.2
λ2 +0.6 +0.3 +0.1 +0.0 +0.2
λ3 −0.6 −0.4 −0.2 −0.1 −0.2
λ4 −61.5 −35.8 −28.0 −12.2 −0.3

k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 correspond to the initial conditions (x1, x2, x3, y1, y2, y3) = (0.5, 0.01k, 0.5 − 0.01k, 0.5, 0.25, 0.25) with k = 1, 2, … , 5. The Lyapunov exponents are multiplied by 103. Note that λ2 ≃ 0.0, λ3 ≃ 0.0, and λ4 ≃ −λ1 as expected. The Lyapunov exponents indicating chaos are shown in boldface.