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. 2025 Aug 8;12:1611967. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1611967

Table 3.

Litter moisture percent estimate (95% CI) sampled directly underneath the water line in pens of broiler breeder pullets reared on one of four feed and water provision treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design1.

Treatment 10 weeks 16 weeks 22 weeks
ADLIB
ED 35.5 (30.8, 40.6)a 52.6 (47.3, 57.8)a 28.3 (24.1, 32.9)b
SAD 21.7 (18.1, 25.7)b 34.6 (29.9, 39.5)b 35.2 (30.5, 40.2) a
WR
ED 17.8 (14.6, 21.4)b 37.9 (33.1, 43.0)b 22.0 (18.4, 26.1)c
SAD 19.7 (16.3, 23.6)b 25.2 (21.3, 29.6)c 29.2 (24.9, 33.8)b

1Feeding treatments consisted of skip-a-day (SAD) and every-day (ED) feeding programs, while water provision treatments consisted of water restriction for 3 h during the 8 h photoperiod (WR) or ad libitum (ADLIB) access to water during the 8 h photoperiod.

Superscripts differing within a column indicate statistically significant differences identified with a Tukey’s pairwise comparison post hoc test (p < 0.05).