Table 1.
Comparison of best objective values obtained by the proposed IFOX algorithm across selected CEC2019 benchmark functions over 30 independent runs.
| Function/optimizer | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GOOSE | 1.8E12 | 6.8E3 | 13.70 | 1.60E3 | 6.09 | 4.79 | 274.35 | 5.57 | 3.81 | 20.98 |
| ANA | - | 4.00 | 13.70 | 38.50 | 1.22 | - | 116.59 | 5.47 | 2.00 | 2.71 |
| LEO | 7.3E9 | 17.47 | 12.70 | 69.86 | 2.76 | 3.01 | 195.56 | 5.06 | 3.26 | 20.01 |
| FDO | 4585.27 | 4.00 | 13.7 | 34.08 | 2.13 | 12.13 | 120.40 | 6.1 | 2.01 | 2.71 |
| FOX | 1.00 | 4.72 | 9.88 | 147.21 | 5.13 | 298.10 | 1.017 | 1.38 | 1.41 | 21.49 |
| IFOX | 1.00 | 4.61 | 2.42 | 35.80 | 1.88 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.24 | 1.33 | 20.99 |
The results are compared with those of FOX and several recent optimization algorithms. Lower objective values indicate better performance.