Table 3.
Descriptive values and percentages of sperm morphological anomalies in Brahman bulls ejaculates (n = 112) during the period 2020–2024 in northern Costa Rica.
| Sperm anomalies | Mean | SD | CV | Min | Max | Q1 | Q3 | P (50) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sperm head | ||||||||
| Loose head | 3.93 | 2.76 | 70.33 | 0.47 | 18.93 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 3.00 |
| Pyriform head | 1.93 | 1.77 | 91.35 | 0.50 | 10.00 | 0.50 | 3.00 | 1.00 |
| Double head | 0.41 | 0.11 | 26.83 | 0.10 | 1.00 | 0.30 | 0.50 | 0.40 |
| Teratoid | 0.58 | 0.10 | 17.24 | 0.40 | 0.80 | 0.50 | 0.67 | 0.58 |
| Immature form | 1.16 | 0.40 | 34.42 | 0.38 | 2.95 | 0.90 | 1.45 | 1.17 |
| Nuclear vacuoles | 6.04 | 1.1 | 18.21 | 1.13 | 10.20 | 5.29 | 6.78 | 6.03 |
| Microcephaly | 1.16 | 1.09 | 93.76 | 0.47 | 5.00 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.50 |
| Sperm midpiece | ||||||||
| Distal midpiece reflex | 3.14 | 1.01 | 32.16 | 0.50 | 6.80 | 2.44 | 3.80 | 3.13 |
| Broken neck | 0.40 | 0.10 | 25.00 | 0.02 | 0.80 | 0.34 | 0.48 | 0.41 |
| Bent midpiece | 0.47 | 0.05 | 10.64 | 0.26 | 0.65 | 0.44 | 0.50 | 0.47 |
| Broken midpiece | 0.34 | 0.05 | 14,70 | 0.03 | 0.69 | 0.27 | 0.41 | 0.34 |
| Proximal droplet | 2.04 | 2.09 | 102.37 | 0.47 | 15.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 |
| Distal droplet | 1.35 | 1.04 | 48.15 | 0.10 | 6.00 | 1.00 | 1.90 | 1.00 |
| Sperm tail | ||||||||
| Tightly coiled tail | 2.09 | 1.98 | 94.76 | 0.50 | 17.00 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 |
| Coiled tail | 2.14 | 1.72 | 80.10 | 0.41 | 10.00 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 1.50 |
| Bent tail | 5.05 | 5.70 | 112.89 | 0.50 | 44.00 | 2.00 | 6.00 | 3.00 |
| Dag defect | 2.05 | 0.70 | 34.14 | 1.10 | 4.66 | 1.56 | 2.52 | 2.04 |
SD, standard deviation; CV, coefficient of variation; Min, minimum value; Max, maximum value, Q1: first quartile, Q3: third quartile, P (50): 50th percentile, P (95): 95th percentile.