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. 2025 Aug 7;16:1620884. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1620884

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Copyright © 2025 Gong, Yang, Hu and Mao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flowchart detailing research methodology on stairway spaces in mountain city parks. It includes user groups, transportation networks, field research, ErgoLAB platform, questionnaire surveys, and data types. Outputs include statistical and correlation analyses, changes in psychological and physiological indicators, and impacts of environmental factors. Concludes with a summary. — Panoramic views of each nodes.