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. 2025 Aug 7;16:1620884. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1620884

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Copyright © 2025 Gong, Yang, Hu and Mao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comparison scatter plots illustrate perception ratings of environmental factors for young and elderly individuals across different paths. Panels depict short path and uphill, long path and uphill, short path and downhill, and long path and downhill scenarios. Each panel shows ratings for attributes like refuge, naturalness, and overall satisfaction. Young and elderly ratings are represented by red and blue dots, respectively, with connecting lines showing differences. — Comparison of physiological indicators among the young and older adults on different paths.