Table 1:
Male and female BPH/2J mice showed features of HF induced by hypertension in a sex-dependent manner.
| Parameters | Male | Female | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6-week-old | 1.5-year-old | 6-week-old | 1.5-year-old | |||||
| BPN/3J | BPH/2J | BPN/3J | BPH/2J | BPN/3J | BPH/2J | BPN/3J | BPH/2J | |
| 24h SBP (mmHg) | n.d. | n.d. | 123±1.22 | 151±1.05# | n.d. | n.d. | 115±1.51 | 147±2.53# |
| 24h DBP (mmHg) | n.d. | n.d. | 96±1.05 | 112±1.62# | n.d. | n.d. | 90±1.20 | 118±1.73# |
| 24h MAP (mmHg) | n.d. | n.d. | 108±1.14 | 127±1.37# | n.d. | n.d. | 103±1.35 | 131±1.9# |
| 24h HR (B.P.M.) | n.d. | n.d. | 535±7 | 583±6 | n.d. | n.d. | 575±7 | 572±6 |
| Body weight (g) | 21.5±0.9 | 18.7±0.5 | 32.9±1.2* | 28.6±2.0** | 17.1±0.9 | 15.4±0.7 | 34.0±1.1* | 28.6±1.3** |
| Tibial length (cm) | 1.73±0.04 | 1.53±0.05* | 1.99±0.05* | 1.78±0.04** | 1.65±0.03 | 1.57±0.03 | 1.97±0.06* | 1.82±0.04** |
| Right lung weight wet/dry (edema) | 7.9±0.5 | 8.2±0.9 | 8.1±0.6 | 8.0±1.2 | 9.9±0.5 | 9.0±0.4 | 7.4±0.8* | 7.4±0.5** |
| Heart weight/tibia length | 0.07±0.001 | 0.10±0.005* | 0.10±0.002* | 0.11±0.009 | 0.07±0.003 | 0.07±0.003 | 0.09±0.002* | 0.09±0.002** |
| LV mass (mg) | 118±5.1 | 131±6.0* | 214±13.6* | 193±8.3** | 116±10.3 | 127±11.8 | 177±21.4 | 178±7.1** |
| LV volume (d) (μL) | 36.3±2.3 | 53.5±4.0 * | 49.8±4.6 | 78.0±4.5# | 34.7±2.0 | 48.2±3.1 | 53.3±3.2 | 65.7±2.5#,** |
| LV diameter (d) (mm) | 3.0±0.1 | 3.5±0.2* | 3.5±0.2 | 4.1±0.1# | 3.0±0.1 | 3.3±0.1 | 3.5±0.1 | 3.9±0.1#,** |
| E/e’ | 37.9±2.9 | 43.8±4.1 | 39.0±1.2 | 54.8±4.0#,** | 39.8±3.5 | 43.2±1.9 | 32.7±4.6 | 39.2±3.5 |
| IVRT (ms) | 22.2±1.2 | 21.6±1.8 | 21.2±1.7 | 26.3±2.1 | 24.5±1.8 | 24.1±2.7 | 23.6±2.7 | 26.8±2.3 |
| ET (ms) | 56.4±3.4 | 63.1±2.6 | 52.9±2.6 | 48.1±2.4** | 60.1±2.4 | 64.8±4.0 | 56.1±3.1 | 49.3±1.1** |
| E wave (mm/s) | 647.4±41.2 | 802.7±28.5* | 765.6±38.8 | 623.0±42.0** | 684.6±43.3 | 731.1±33.6 | 804.8±65.6 | 867.0±41.2** |
| A wave (mm/s) | 355.9±27.1 | 459.1±33.3* | 414.5±33.7 | 331.6±41.3 | 351.6±31.7 | 362.4±20.6 | 343.9±35.5 | 224.7±23.5 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 86.3±2.1 | 92.9±1.6* | 75.4±5.3* | 123.9±13.1#,** | 83.6±3.3 | 92.0±7.4 | 110.3±3.6* | 114.6±4.2** |
| Fasting β-ketones (mM) | 1.35±0.1 | 0.98±0.1* | 1.48±0.4 | 0.89±0.1 | 1.58±0.1 | 1.41±0.2 | 0.44±0.1* | 0.62±0.1** |
| Plasma noradrenaline (pg/mL) | 122.7±16.1 | 92.9±18.0 | 80.9±11.5 | 38.6±9.8# | 93.1±21.2 | 39.6±2.4 | 31.8±5.7* | 7.5±2.3#,** |
| Plasma NT-proBPN (pg/mL) | 136.0±4.4 | 125.8±2.6 | 122.7±1.4* | 120.4±1.4 | 126.0±3.2 | 119.5±1.9 | 134.3±8.7 | 124.3±3.9 |
Different from BPN/3J 6-week-old
different from BPN/3J 1.5-year-old
different from BPH/2J 6-week-old (p<0.05). Data are presented as mean ± SEM of independent and different experimental n (n=4-14). The 24-h radiotelemetry was used only in male and female mice at 1.5 years of age to evaluate SBP, DBP, MAP and HR, and values represent the average of a 24-h measurement period (dark and light phases), in conscious (non-anesthetized) mice. Cardiac function was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography. SBP=systolic blood pressure; DBP=diastolic blood pressure; MAP=mean arterial pressure; HR= heart rate; LV=left ventricle; d=diastole; IVRT= isovolumic relaxation time; ET=ejection time; NT-proBPN=N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; n.d.=not determined.