Pathway Analysis	A method for identifying biological pathways enriched with differentially expressed genes or proteins in datasets.
Dimensionality Reduction	Techniques used to visualize high-dimensional data in simpler forms for clearer pathway analysis.
Pathway Redundancy	The occurrence of overlapping or repeated pathways in analysis, which can complicate interpretation and reduce clarity.
Embedding-Based Methods	Computational approaches that represent biological pathways as high-dimensional numerical vectors for analysis.
Semantic Similarity	A metric that quantifies the functional similarity between different biological terms or pathways.
Network-Based Analysis	A method that visualizes relationships between pathways as interconnected networks, highlighting shared functions or genes.