Table 3.
Subgroup analysis of included randomized controlled trials in meta-analysis of the effect of pomegranate products on glycemic profile
| Group | No. of trials | WMD (95% CI) | P value | I2 (%) | P-heterogeneity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FBS | |||||
| Pomegranate type | |||||
| Extract | 10 | -4.084(-6.189,-1.978) | 0.000 | 65.82 | 0.002 |
| Juice | 22 | -2.760(-4.832,-0.678) | 0.009 | 92.68 | 0.000 |
| powder | 3 | 0.801(-5.333,6.935) | 0.798 | 28.59 | 0.246 |
| Seed oil | 2 | -6.948(-27.665,13.769) | 0.511 | 71.22 | 0.062 |
| Fruit | 1 | 1.300(-3.109,5.709 | 0.563 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Dose (Mg/d) | |||||
| < 500 | 5 | -5.167(-7.085,-3.249) | 0.000 | 37.890 | 0.169 |
| ≥ 500 | 5 | -2.796(-7.756, 2.165) | 0.269 | 76.769 | 0.002 |
| Dose (ml/d) | |||||
| <250 | 13 | -3.002(-5.365,-0.638) | 0.013 | 93.44 | 0.000 |
| ≥250 | 10 | -1.678(-5.270, 1.914) | 0.36 | 71.68 | 0.000 |
| BMI | |||||
| < 30 | 20 | -0.957(-2.406,0.492) | 0.195 | 14.142 | 0.278 |
| ≥ 30 | 15 | -5.007 (-6.464,-3.549) | 0.000 | 91.397 | 0.000 |
| Duration (weeks) | |||||
| < 8 | 18 | -1.609(-3.633,0.414) | 0.119 | 73.021 | 0.000 |
| ≥ 8 | 20 | -5.149(-6.638,-3.660) | 0.000 | 87.907 | 0.000 |
| AGE | |||||
| < 50 | 18 | -4.176(-5.621,-2.723) | 0.000 | 93.465 | 0.000 |
| ≥ 50 | 20 | -0.933(-2.792,0.926) | 0.325 | 24.937 | 0.151 |
| FBS Baseline | |||||
| < 100 | 20 | -2.165(-4.065, -0.265) | 0.026 | 87.558 | 0.000 |
| ≥ 100 | 18 | -4.881(-7.417, -2.346) | 0.000 | 87.340 | 0.000 |
| Quality | |||||
| High | 10 | -4.445(-6.936, -1.954) | 0.000 | 95.892 | 0.000 |
| Low | 28 | -1.971(-4.039,0.097) | 0.062 | 75.085 | 0.000 |
| Gender | |||||
| Both | 19 | -1.623(-4.053,0.807) | 0.191 | 84.340 | 0.000 |
| Female | 10 | -1.582(-4.334,1.170) | 0.260 | 48.649 | 0.041 |
| Male | 6 | -6.815(-9.896,-3.735) | 0.000 | 95.933 | 0.000 |
| Population | |||||
| MS | 11 | -1.062(-3.678,1.553) | 0.426 | 65.156 | 0.001 |
| T2DM | 13 | -7.492(-10.453, -4.530) | 0.000 | 89.652 | 0.000 |
| Other | 14 | -2.345(-4.771, 0.081) | 0.058 | 89.320 | 0.000 |
| INSULIN | |||||
| Pomegranate type | |||||
| Extract | 6 | -2.254(-3.562,-0.946) | 0.001 | 77.742 | 0.000 |
| Juice | 13 | -0.287(-0.740,0.165) | 0.213 | 62.946 | 0.001 |
| Powder | 2 | -4.018(-12.491,4.456) | 0.353 | 95.005 | 0.000 |
| Seed oil | 3 | 0.134(-1.072-1.340) | 0.827 | 19.597 | 0.288 |
| Dose (Mg/d) | |||||
| < 500 | 2 | -0.919(-3.325,1.487) | 0.454 | 46.94 | 0.170 |
| ≥ 500 | 4 | -2.728(-4.263,-1.194) | 0.000 | 83.25 | 0.000 |
| Dose (ml/d) | |||||
| <250 | 7 | -0.171(-0.541,0.199) | 0.364 | 57.606 | 0.028 |
| ≥250 | 6 | -0.887(-2.454,0.679) | 0.267 | 68.479 | 0.007 |
| BMI | |||||
| < 30 | 13 | -0.522(-1.396,0.353) | 0.242 | 56.58 | 0.006 |
| ≥ 30 | 10 | -1.605(-2.344,-0.865) | 0.000 | 91.90 | 0.000 |
| Duration (weeks) | |||||
| < 8 | 6 | -0620(-2.843,1.604) | 0.585 | 91.32 | 0.000 |
| ≥ 8 | 18 | -0.694(-1.158,-0.231) | 0.003 | 69.56 | 0.000 |
| AGE | |||||
| < 50 | 13 | -1.416(-2.068,-0.764) | 0.000 | 88.8 | 0.000 |
| ≥ 50 | 11 | -0.500(-1.650,0.650) | 0.394 | 71.08 | 0.000 |
| Quality | |||||
| High | 5 | -0.202(-0.277,-0.127) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.444 |
| Low | 19 | -1.152(-2.188,-0.116) | 0.029 | 82.27 | 0.000 |
| Gender | |||||
| Both | 11 | -0.937(-1.840,-0.035) | 0.042 | 52.285 | 0.021 |
| Female | 7 | -0.973(-3.040,1.034) | 0.356 | 80.750 | 0.000 |
| Male | 2 | -0.214(-0.321,-0.106) | 0.000 | 17.206 | 0.272 |
| Population | |||||
| MS | 7 | -0.812(-3.294,1.670) | 0.521 | 92.57 | 0.000 |
| T2DM | 11 | -0.316(-0.663,0.030) | 0.000 | 46.89 | 0.042 |
| Other | 6 | -1.209(-1.884,-0.533) | 0.073 | 0.00 | 0.840 |
| HOMA-IR | |||||
| Pomegranate type | |||||
| Extract | 6 | -0.232(-0.838,0.374) | 0.454 | 90.074 | 0.000 |
| Juice | 10 | -0.230(-0.303,-0.157) | 0.000 | 49.723 | 0.036 |
| Powder | 2 | -0.868(-2.671,0.935) | 0.345 | 93.422 | 0.000 |
| Seed oil | 3 | -0.164(-0.843,0.514) | 0.635 | 69.188 | 0.039 |
| Dose (Mg/d) | |||||
| < 500 | 2 | 0.648(-1.946,3.241) | 0.625 | 92.906 | 0.000 |
| ≥ 500 | 7 | -0.373(-0.918,0.173) | 0.181 | 91.369 | 0.000 |
| Dose (ml/d) | |||||
| <250 | 5 | -0.226(-0.314,-0.138) | 0.000 | 75.323 | 0.003 |
| ≥250 | 5 | -0.305(-0.57,-0.040) | 0.024 | 0.000 | 0.884 |
| BMI | |||||
| < 30 | 11 | -0.145(-0.443,0.152) | 0.339 | 55.419 | 0.013 |
| ≥ 30 | 9 | -0.463(-5.574,0.000) | 0.000 | 92.518 | 0.000 |
| Duration (weeks) | |||||
| < 8 | 5 | -0.463(-0.992,0.066) | 0.086 | 91.817 | 0.000 |
| ≥ 8 | 16 | -0.106(-0.358,-0.094) | 0.001 | 70.258 | 0.000 |
| AGE | |||||
| < 50 | 10 | -0.458(-0.600,-0.316) | 0.000 | 88.451 | 0.000 |
| ≥ 50 | 11 | 0.101(-0.567,0.354) | 0.651 | 80.007 | 0.000 |
| Quality | |||||
| High | 3 | -0.227(-0.262,-0.191) | 0.000 | 37.648 | 0.201 |
| Low | 18 | -0.301(-0.668,0.65) | 0.107 | 85.435 | 0.000 |
| Gender | |||||
| Both | 11 | -0.157(-0.613,0.300) | 0.502 | 72.470 | 0.000 |
| Female | 5 | -0.394(-1.129,0.143) | 0.380 | 82.794 | 0.000 |
| Male | 2 | -0.224(-0.263,-0.186) | 0.000 | 59.945 | 0.114 |
| Population | |||||
| MS | 6 | -0.471(-1.109,0.167) | 0.148 | 92.668 | 0.000 |
| T2DM | 9 | -0.215(-0.321,-0.110) | 0.000 | 70.348 | 0.000 |
| Other | 6 | -0.221(-0.549,0.106) | 0.186 | 58.938 | 0.027 |
| HbA1c | |||||
| Pomegranate type | |||||
| Extract | 3 | 0.081(-0.355,0.518) | 0.714 | 56.374 | 0.101 |
| Juice | 3 | -0.146(-0.389,0.098) | 0.241 | 0.000 | 0.887 |
| Powder | 1 | 0.740(0.332,1.148) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Seed oil | 2 | -0.138(-0.464,0.189) | 0.408 | 0.000 | 0.734 |
| BMI | |||||
| < 30 | 6 | 0.008(-0.241,0.256) | 0.952 | 27.769 | 0.226 |
| ≥ 30 | 3 | 0.135(-0.450,0.720) | 0.650 | 84.706 | 0.001 |
| AGE | |||||
| < 50 | 2 | -0.167(-0.458,0.125) | 0.263 | 0.000 | 0.841 |
| ≥ 50 | 9 | -0.114(-0.200,0.429) | 0.476 | 64.884 | 0.009 |