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. 2025 Aug 22;17:349. doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01907-1

Table 7.

Effect size of AIP on incident diabetes in prespecified and exploratory subgroups

Characteristic No of participants HR (95%CI) P value P for interaction
Age(years) 0.0003
20 to <45 75,643 2.868 (2.125, 3.871) <0.001
45 to <60 36,278 2.789 (2.194, 3.546) <0.001
≥60 16,015 1.414 (1.071, 1.867) <0.001
Gender 0.7097
Male 68,233 2.265 (1.882, 2.726) <0.001
Female 59,703 2.416 (1.814, 3.219) <0.001
BMI (kg/m2) 0.0111
<18.5 7561 2.322 (0.437, 12.334) 0.323
≥18.5, <24 72,305 3.416 (2.616, 4.462) <0.001
≥24, <28 38,156 2.474 (1.963, 3.117) <0.001
≥28 9914 1.678 (1.213, 2.322) 0.002
Smoking status 0.1639
Non-smoker 98,587 2.192 (1.799, 2.672) <0.001
Smoker 29,349 2.698 (2.143, 3.396) <0.001
Drinking status 0.1786
Non-drinker 98,676 2.234 (1.859, 2.686) <0.001
Drinker 29,260 2.747 (2.129, 3.544) <0.001
SBP (mmHg) 0.0401
<140 115,579 2.601 (2.174, 3.111) <0.001
≥140 12,357 1.810 (1.340, 2.446) <0.001
DBP (mmHg) 0.7979
<90 117,813 2.368 (1.996, 2.809) <0.001
≥90 10,123 2.492 (1.748, 3.553) <0.001
Country 0.1974
Chinese 112,483 1.862 (1.558, 2.227) <0.001
Japanese 15,453 2.423 (1.686, 3.481) <0.001

Note 1: Above model was adjusted for age, gender, BMI, SBP, DBP, FPG, LDL-c, ALT, AST, smoking, and drinking status

Note 2: In each case, the model is not adjusted for the stratification variable