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. 2025 Aug 22;30:790. doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-03069-2

Table 3.

Multivariate Cox regression analysis of PEF% predicted and the risk of new-onset headache

Variables Model 1 Model2 Model3
HR (95%CI) P-value HR(95%CI) P-value HR(95%CI) P-value
PEF% predicted 0.68 (0.58, 0.79)  < 0.001 0.74 (0.63, 0.86)  < 0.001 0.75 (0.64, 0.88) 0.001
 q1 (< 67.0%) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref) 1 (Ref)
 q2 (67.6%–85.0%) 0.88 (0.79, 0.98) 0.022 0.90 (0.80, 1.00) 0.055 0.90 (0.80, 1.00) 0.055
 q3 (85.1%–101.9%) 0.83 (0.74, 0.93) 0.001 0.86 (0.77, 0.97) 0.012 0.87 (0.78, 0.98) 0.019
 q4 (≥ 102.0%) 0.76 (0.68, 0.85)  < 0.001 0.80 (0.71, 0.90)  < 0.001 0.80 (0.72, 0.91)  < 0.001
 Trend.test 0.91 (0.88, 0.95)  < 0.001 0.93 (0.90, 0.97)  < 0.001 0.94 (0.90, 0.97)  < 0.001

Model 1 adjusted for age, gender

Model 2 adjusted for age, gender, education, residence, marital status, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, sleep duration, medicine

Model 3 adjusted for age, gender, education, residence, marital status, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, sleep duration, medicine, hypertension, diabetes, heart attack, stroke, kidney disease, depression