Table 2.
Multilevel model examining GCSE score according to individual- and school-level characteristics in Northern Ireland
| Number of Students: 61,373 Number of Schools: 217 Log likelihood: −254612.59 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variable | β (SE) | Cohen’s d (95% Confidence Intervals) |
| Cohort (reference: Cohort 1) | ||
| Cohort 2 | 0.44 (0.15) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.05) |
| Cohort 3 | 0.19 (0.15) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) |
| No maternal data (reference: maternal data provided) | −7.37 (0.31) | −0.48 (−0.52, −0.45) |
| No paternal data (reference: paternal data provided) | −6.12 (0.23) | −0.62 (−0.64, −0.61) |
| Birth Month (reference: July– September) | ||
| October - December | −0.29 (0.17) | −0.05 (−0.07, −0.05) |
| January - March | −1.00 (0.17) | −0.09 (−0.12, −0.07) |
| April - June | −1.23 (0.17) | −0.11 (−0.13, −0.09) |
| Unknown month | −1.96 (1.60) | −0.39 (−0.60, −0.18) |
| Sex (reference: male) | ||
| Female | 6.22 (0.14) | 0.29 (0.28, 0.31) |
| Religion (reference: Catholic) | ||
| Protestant | 0.38 (0.27) | −0.18 (−0.19, −0.16) |
| Other religion | 1.30 (0.35) | 0.05 (0.01, 0.08) |
| No religion | 0.47 (0.31) | −0.10 (−0.13, −0.07) |
| Not stated | −4.15 (0.30) | −0.55 (−0.58, −0.51) |
| Ethnicity (reference: White) | ||
| Chinese | 3.20 (0.88) | 0.33 (0.25, 0.42) |
| Black | −0.42 (1.60) | −0.33 (−0.52, −0.13) |
| Mixed | 2.52 (0.87) | 0.29 (0.18, 0.40) |
| Other | −0.61 (2.20) | 0.28 (−0.001, 0.56) |
| English as First Language (reference: English is not first language) | −0.22 (0.71) | −0.23 (0.18, 0.28) |
| Country of Birth (reference: Northern Ireland) | ||
| UK | 0.48 (0.35) | 0.11 (0.07, 0.16) |
| Republic of Ireland | 1.13 (0.87) | 0.08 (−0.03, 0.19) |
| EU | 1.87 (0.78) | −0.36 (−0.43, −0.30) |
| Other | 3.14 (0.61) | 0.30 (0.23, 0.37) |
| Carer Status (reference: no caring responsibilities) | ||
| Provides 1–19 h of care per week | 1.16 (0.33) | 0.09 (0.05, 0.13) |
| Provides 20 + hours of care per week | 1.45 (0.66) | −0.21 (−0.30, −0.13) |
| Self-report Health Status (reference: very good health) | ||
| Good health | −1.31 (0.16) | −0.28 (−0.30, −0.26) |
| Fair health | −3.35 (0.42) | 0.75 (−0.79, −0.70) |
| Bad health | −2.91 (1.11) | −0.84 (−0.97, −0.70) |
| Very bad health | −3.22 (2.03) | −1.01 (−1.26, −0.75) |
| Presence of an illness/disability that limits daily activities (reference: not limited) | ||
| Limited a little | −1.91 (0.39) | −0.48 (−0.53, −0.44) |
| Limited a lot | −7.42 (0.57) | −0.98 (−1.04, −0.92) |
| Physical Condition (reference: no physical health condition) | ||
| Has a physical health condition | −1.69 (0.22) | −0.39 (−0.41, −0.36) |
| Mental Health Condition (reference: no mental health condition) | ||
| Has a mental health condition | −6.22 (0.75) | −0.91 (−1.00, −0.82) |
| Free School Meal Eligibility (reference: not eligible for FSM) | ||
| Eligible for FSM | −3.19 (0.21) | −0.89 (−0.91, −0.86) |
| Mother’s qualifications (reference: degree level) | ||
| School level qualification | −2.00 (0.19) | −0.63 (−0.65, −0.61) |
| Other qualification | −3.76 (0.40) | −0.95 (−1.00, −0.90) |
| No qualification | −5.52 (0.26) | −1.31 (−1.34, −1.29) |
| Father’s qualifications (reference: degree level) | ||
| School level qualification | −1.70 (0.22) | −0.61 (−0.64, −0.59) |
| Other qualification | −2.57 (0.28) | −0.77 (−0.80, −0.74) |
| No qualification | −3.56 (0.27) | −1.11 (−1.13, −1.08) |
| Mother’s Occupational Status (reference: professional) | ||
| Intermediate | 0.02 (0.19) | −0.38 (−0.39, −0.35) |
| Semi-routine/routine | −1.25 (0.22) | −0.86 (−0.89, −0.84) |
| Unemployed | −2.88 (0.29) | −1.19 (−1.22, −1.16) |
| Father’s Occupational Status (reference: professional) | ||
| Intermediate | −1.04 (0.21) | −0.52 (−0.55, −0.50) |
| Semi-routine/routine | −1.78 (0.25) | −0.92 (−0.95, −0.89) |
| Unemployed | −1.60 (0.41) | −1.14 (−1.19, −1.08) |
| Housing Tenure (reference: rented from Housing Association or Executive) | ||
| Privately owned | 3.80 (0.24) | 1.06 (1.04, 1.09) |
| Privately rented | 0.32 (0.28) | 0.30 (0.27, 0.33) |
| Other tenure | 0.93 (0.54) | 0.51 (0.44, 0.58) |
| Property Value (reference: > £200,000) | ||
| £150,001 - £200,000 | −0.46 (0.19) | −0.35 (−0.38, −0.33) |
| £100,001 - £150,000 | −1.80 (0.19) | −0.81 (−0.83, −0.78) |
| ≤ £100,000 | −2.52 (0.24) | −1.08 (−1.11, −1.06) |
| Value unknown | −1.39 (0.35) | −0.53 (−0.57, −0.49) |
| Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure (2010) - Income | 0.16 (0.03) | - |
| School Type (reference: non-grammar) | ||
| Grammar | 23.79 (1.73) | 1.64 (1.62, 1.66) |
| School Management Structure (reference: Voluntary) | ||
| Controlled | −3.75 (1.75) | −1.27 (−1.29, −1.25) |
| Catholic Maintained | 1.95 (2.07) | −1.58 (−1.61, −1.56) |
| Other Maintained | 8.08 (6.61) | −1.73 (−1.88, −1.59) |
| Integrated | −1.28 (2.39) | −1.99 (−2.03, −1.95) |
Outcome measure: GCSE score