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. 2025 Aug 22;25:2894. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24047-7

Table 4.

Multi-group analysis nested model test results

Group Nested Model Δχ2 Δdf P ΔCFI ΔTLI
Sex Model 0 vs. Model 1 18.999 11 0.061 0.000 0.001
Model 1 vs. Model 2 101.671 17 < 0.001 −0.002 0.000
Model 2 vs. Model 3 40.305 6 < 0.001 −0.001 −0.001
Model 3 vs. Model 4 113.064 10 < 0.001 −0.002 −0.001
Model 4 vs. Model 5 145.917 2 < 0.001 −0.003 −0.003
Model 5 vs. Model 6 423.480 19 < 0.001 −0.007 −0.007
School type Model 0 vs. Model 1 20.592 11 0.038 0.000 0.001
Model 1 vs. Model 2 180.742 17 < 0.001 −0.004 −0.002
Model 2 vs. Model 3 54.330 6 < 0.001 −0.001 −0.001
Model 3 vs. Model 4 47.368 10 < 0.001 −0.001 0.000
Model 4 vs. Model 5 0.097 2 0.953 0.000 0.001
Model 5 vs. Model 6 139.034 19 < 0.001 −0.001 −0.001
Mental health Model 0 vs. Model 1 47.059 11 < 0.001 −0.001 0.000
Model 1 vs. Model 2 701.805 17 < 0.001 −0.016 −0.016
Model 2 vs. Model 3 233.075 6 < 0.001 −0.005 −0.005
Model 3 vs. Model 4 41.676 10 < 0.001 −0.001 0.001
Model 4 vs. Model 5 384.755 2 < 0.001 −0.008 −0.009
Model 5 vs. Model 6 411.491 19 < 0.001 −0.005 −0.005
Cell phone dependence Model 0 vs. Model 1 68.512 11 < 0.001 −0.001 −0.001
Model 1 vs. Model 2 768.643 17 < 0.001 −0.017 −0.018
Model 2 vs. Model 3 306.104 6 < 0.001 −0.007 −0.006
Model 3 vs. Model 4 64.670 10 < 0.001 −0.002 0.000
Model 4 vs. Model 5 674.862 2 < 0.001 −0.015 −0.016
Model 5 vs. Model 6 490.140 19 < 0.001 −0.006 −0.006