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. 2025 Aug 22;25:1056. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-11492-3

Table 3.

Factors associated with nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among paediatric healthcare workers

Factors n (%) S. pneumoniae OR IC95% P value*
Positive n (%) Negative n (%)
Age 1.06 [1.02-2.61] 0.016*
 18 – 35 156 (70.6) 45 (83.3) 111 (66.5)
 36 – 50 56 (25.3) 9 (16.7) 47 (28.1)
 ˃ 50 years 09 (04.1) 0 09 (05.4)
Sex 0.98 [0.55-1.75] 0.824
 Male 92 (41.6) 25 (46.3) 67 (40.1)
 Female  129 (58.4) 29 (53.7) 100 (59.9)
Occupational group 0.95 [0.50-1.82] 0.281
 Paediatrician 09 (04.1) 2 (3.8) 7 (4.2)
 General practitioner 73 (33.0) 20 (37.0) 53 (31.7)
 Nurse 103 (46.6) 22 (40.7) 81 (48.5)
 Nursing assistant 36 (16.3) 10 (18.5) 26 (15.6)
Work unit 1.04 [0.60-1.80] 0.431
 Neonatology 65 (29.4) 15 (27.8) 50 (29.9)
 Paediatrics 127 (57.5) 33 (61.1) 94 (56.3)
 Paediatric emergency 29 (13.1) 6 (11.1) 23 (13.8)
Vaccination status 1.04 [0.58-1.88] 0.174
 Yes 81 (36.7) 21 (38.9) 60 (35.9)
 No 140 (63.3) 33 (61.1) 107 (64.1)
RTI in last two weeks 1.07 [0.56-2.02] 0.302
 Yes 49 (22.2) 13 (24.1) 36 (21.6)
 No 172 (77.8) 41 (75.9) 131 (78.4)
Staff lives with children under 10 years 0.87 [0.82-3.67] 0.03*
 Yes 33 (14.9) 22 (40.7) 11 (6.6)
 No  188 (85.1) 32 (59.3) 156 (93.4)
Meningitis belt 1.21 [1.05-3.15] 0.017*
 Yes 114 (51.6) 37 (68.5) 77 (46.1)
 No  107 (48.4) 17 (31.5) 90 (53.9)

*P value ​​˂ 0.05 considered statistically significant