Table 1.
Oral cavity involvement by metastatic breast cancer cases reported in the literature
| Author | Year | Sex*, age | Location | Treatment | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spirito et al. [33] | 2024 | F*, 32 | Mandibular, paresthesia/anesthesia in the left mandibular area, | Surgical intervention was not performed, and the patient was referred to an oncologist for further systemic treatment | NA** |
| Rodrigues et al. [34] | 2024 | F, 55 | Right mandibular ramus region, numbness on her lower lip and chin | Patient was subsequently referred to her oncologist | Patient developed mandibular swelling and facial asymmetry, and died 3 years after diagnosis |
| Soualem et al. [10] | 2024 | F, 66 | The posterior region of the lower right mandible | Chemotherapy before oral surgery + intravenous zoledronic acid was administered at a dose of 4 mg every 3 weeks for the management of bone metastasis | NA |
| Boffano et al. [35] | 2023 | F, 47 | Region of the left mandibular angle, distal to the inferior second molar on the left | Palliative medications and chemotherapy | NA |
| Sadasivan et al. [36] | 2022 | F, 37 | Maxillary gingiva between tooth no. 8 and 9 | Wide excision with a 2 mm safe margin + chemotherapy (eribulin) | Satisfactory healing after 3 months but unfortunately died |
| Vetri et al. [37] | 2022 | F, 37 | Angle of the right mandible | External beam radiotherapy + palliative chemotherapy (adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and zoledronic acid) + hormone therapy | Under treatment from 2019 to 2022 |
| Chang et al. [38] | 2021 | F, 56 | Right mandibular condyle | Palliative treatment with chemoradiation therapy | At 3-month follow-up, pain in the right temporomandibular joints (TMJ), function and mouth opening improved with ongoing treatment |
| Magat et al. [19] | 2019 | F, 40 | The bilateral coronoid processes, condyles, and rami of the mandible | NA (referred to her oncologist) | NA |
| Dodo et al. [39] | 2017 | F, 55 | Left mandibular condyle | Chemotherapy (fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide) | Died after 36 months |
| Azadeh et al. [40] | 2016 | F, 49 | The body and ramus of the left mandible bone | Radiation therapy over 2 weeks | NA |
| Thorawat et al. [27] | 2015 | F, 45 | Body of the right mandible | Wide surgical excision | Died after 3 months |
| Varghese et al. [18] | 2014 | F, 40 | Angle of the left mandible | NA (referred to her oncologist) | NA |
| Qiu et al. [41] | 2013 | F, 47 | Right condyle of the mandible | En bloc extirpation of the tumor together with the right condyle and ramus + adjuvant radiotherapy | Alive without any sign or symptom after 12 months |
| Perez et al. [42] | 2012 | M, 73 | Body and condyle of the left mandible | Surgery of the primary tumor + left mastectomy with axillary dissection + hormonal therapy + chemoradiation therapy | Remained disease-free after 3 years |
| Kechagias et al. [43] | 2011 | F, 52 | Buccal mucosa located in the molar region of the left side of the mandible | Radio-chemotherapy | No signs of recurrence after 13 months |
| Khalili et al. [44] | 2010 | F, 40 | Right mandibular second premolar | Change Tam method of chemotherapy | Pulmonary metastasis after 15 months, alive after 20 months (end stage of disease) |
| Otto et al. [45] | 2010 | F, 53 | Left mandibular body | Radiotherapy | Died after 6 months |
*F, female; M, male
**NA, not available