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. 2025 Aug 22;25:2880. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24158-1

Table 3.

Random effects meta-analysis on the correlation between exposure to air pollutants and the risk of incidence of IPF

Pollutant Author N association estimates RR (95%CI) I2(%) Heterogeneity p-value ^
NO2 Masahiro Tahara, 2021 3 1.67 (1.05, 2.66) 36.94 0.2
Robert Dales, 2020
Sara Conti, 2018
PM10 Masahiro Tahara, 2021 2 1.29 (1.11, 1.50) 0 0.49
Robert Dales, 2020