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. 2025 Aug 22;25:527. doi: 10.1186/s12866-025-04211-0

Table 3.

Differentially expressed metabolites identified in pairwise comparisons among the three treatment groups

Metabolites Treatment group1 VIP2 P FC3
Trimethylamine N-oxide T0 vs. T1 1.545 0.025 2.675
T2 vs. T3 1.62 0.013 3.542
Securinine T0 vs. T3 1.774 < 0.001 2.523
T1 vs. T3 2.058 < 0.001 0.340
L-tyrosine methyl ester 4-sulfate T0 vs. T3 1.682 0.001 0.277
T1 vs. T3 1.813 0.003 2.550
N-Acetyl-L-tryptophan T0 vs. T3 1.901 < 0.001 < 0.001
T1 vs. T3 1.663 0.009 12954.800
3-aminobenzamide T0 vs. T3 1.795 < 0.001 0.425
T1 vs. T3 1.813 0.002 4.127
5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide T0 vs. T1 1.415 0.041 0.363
T0 vs. T3 1.566 0.005 0.118
Pyrazine T0 vs. T3 1.865 < 0.001 2.849
T1 vs. T3 2.137 < 0.001 0.352
Indole-2-carboxylic acid T0 vs. T1 1.413 0.030 0.423
T1 vs. T3 1.866 0.004 0.478
Indole-3-carboxaldehyde T0 vs. T1 1.370 0.041 0.409
T1 vs. T3 1.973 0.002 0.397
5-Methylcytosine T0 vs. T1 1.490 0.039 7.640
T0 vs. T3 1.469 0.010 2.574
Adenosine T0 vs. T1 1.446 0.049 2.895
T0 vs. T3 1.423 0.013 2.492
2-Phenylpropionic acid T0 vs. T3 1.683 0.001 0.287
T1 vs. T3 1.751 0.003 2.428
Argininosuccinic acid T0 vs. T3 1.852 < 0.001 2.957
T1 vs. T3 2.126 < 0.001 0.465
Leu-Trp T0 vs. T1 1.599 0.016 5.845
T1 vs. T3 1.397 0.043 3.348
Hyp-Ile T0 vs. T1 1.584 0.009 0.379
T1 vs. T3 1.428 0.034 0.469
Val-Tyr T0 vs. T1 1.488 0.040 21.381
T1 vs. T3 1.369 0.048 10.836
Cyclo (gly-pro) T0 vs. T1 1.483 0.041 8.330
T1 vs. T3 1.416 0.038 9.684
Ile-Trp T0 vs. T3 1.296 0.028 0.197
T1 vs. T3 1.457 0.033 7.005
D-Turanose T0 vs. T3 1.627 0.002 0.149
T1 vs. T3 1.506 0.028 4.052
PE (16:0/20:4) T0 vs. T3 1.578 0.009 2.896
T1 vs. T3 1.813 0.009 0.347
2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate T0 vs. T3 1.683 0.001 0.287
T1 vs. T3 1.751 0.003 2.428
Acetaminophen T0 vs. T3 1.709 0.001 0.276
T1 vs. T3 1.751 0.003 2.506

1T0: Diet contained whole-plant corn silage (WS) and wheat straw as roughage

T1: 50% of WS was replaced with sorghum–sudangrass silage (SS)

T2: 100% of WS was replaced with SS

2VIP, Variable importance in the projection

3FC, Fold Change