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. 2025 Aug 22;25:613. doi: 10.1186/s12876-025-04206-1

Table 3.

Adverse effects requiring treatment discontinuation in included studies

Study MMF + Pred group Total events AZA + Pred group Total events
Dalekos et al. [21] None 0/32

Severe lower respiratory tract infection (n = 1)

Severe herpes simplex virus stomatitis (n = 1)

Leukopenia (n = 2)

Thrombocytopenia (n = 1)

Marked increase in hepatic transaminases (n = 4)

9/32
Dalekos et al. [23]

Intolerance (rash development) (n = 1)

Severe infections (n = 4)

Lymphoma (n = 1)

Melanoma (n = 1)

7/183

Intolerance (myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity) (n = 9)

Severe infections (n = 3)

12/64
Snijders et al. [19]

Severe peripheral oedema (n = 1)

Neutropenia (n = 1)

2/39

Malaise (n = 1)

Drug-induced liver injury, fever and thrombocytopenia (n = 1)

Influenza B pneumonia (n = 1)

Mortality (n = 1)

Severe gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea and vomiting) (n = 4)

8/31
Abbreviations: AZA Azathioprine, MMF Mycophenolate Mofetil, Pred Prednisolone