Table 1.
Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants by CKD stage (N = 253)
| Variables | Total N (%) | Moderate Stage (Stage 3a &b), N (%) | Advanced stage (Stage 4&5), N (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 159 (62.8) | 103 (64.8) | 56 (35.2) | 0.006 |
| Female | 94 (37.2) | 44 (46.8) | 50 (53.2) | |
| Both | 253 (100) | 147 (58.1) | 106 (41.9) | |
| Age (Years) | ||||
| < 60 | 101 (39.9) | 62 (61.4) | 39 (38.6) | 0.436 |
| ≥ 60 | 152 (60.1) | 85 (55.9) | 67 (44.1) | |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married | 181 (71.5) | 105 (58.0) | 76 (42.0) | 1.00 |
| Others (unmarried, separated, Widowed) | 72 (28.5) | 42 (58.3) | 30 (41.7) | |
| Occupation | ||||
| Job Service | 22 (8.7) | 13 (59.1) | 9 (40.9) | 0.264 |
| Housewife | 53 (20.9) | 24 (45.3) | 29 (54.7) | |
| Farmer/Day Laborer | 44 (17.4) | 25 (56.8) | 19 (43.2) | |
| Retired | 40 (15.8) | 26 (65.0) | 14 (35.0) | |
| Others (Student, unemployed) | 94 (37.2) | 59 (62.8) | 35 (37.2) | |
| Educational status | ||||
| Primary and below | 139 (54.9) | 75 (54.0) | 64 (46.0) | 0.160 |
| Secondary to Higher | 114 (45.1) | 72 (63.2) | 42 (36.8) | |
| Income | ||||
| Lower income (< 20000 TK) | 104 (41.1) | 61 (58.7) | 43 (41.3) | 0.898 |
| Higher income (≥ 20000 Tk) | 149 (58.9) | 86 (57.7) | 63 (42.3) | |
| BMI (WHO cut off value, kg/m2) | ||||
| Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | 22 (8.7) | 12 (54.5) | 10 (45.5) | 0.437 |
| Normal (BMI 18.5-24.99) | 155 (61.3) | 85 (54.8) | 70 (45.2) | |
| Overweight (BMI 25-29.99) | 66 (26.1) | 43 (65.2) | 23 (34.8) | |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30.0) | 10 (4.0) | 7 (70.0) | 3 (30.0) | |
| Duration of CKD (months) | ||||
| Short (< 24) | 204 (80.6) | 122 (59.0) | 82 (40.2) | 0.333 |
| Long (≥ 24) | 49 (19.4) | 25 (51.0) | 24 (49.0) | |
| Family History of CKD | ||||
| Yes | 42 (16.6) | 27 (64.3) | 15 (35.7) | 0.398 |
| No | 211 (83.4) | 120 (56.9) | 91 (43.1) | |
| Diabetics | ||||
| Yes | 137 (54.2) | 68 (49.6) | 69 (50.4) | 0.003 |
| No | 116 (45.8) | 79(68.1) | 37 (31.9) | |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 220 (87.0) | 125 (56.8) | 95 (43.2) | 0.346 |
| No | 33 (13.0) | 22 (66.7) | 11 (33.3) | |
| CVD | ||||
| Yes | 78 (30.8) | 46 (59.0) | 32 (41.0) | 0.891 |
| No | 175 (69.2) | 101 (57.7) | 74 (42.3) |
BMI, Body Mass Index; CKD, Chronic Kidney Disease; CVD, Cardiovascular Disease; TK, Bangladeshi Taka. P-values were calculated using the Chi-square test