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. 2025 Aug 22;20:452. doi: 10.1186/s13023-025-03948-1

Table 7.

Known-group validity comparisons – Impacts of Hyperphagia: Caregiver (Observer and Self)

Impacts of Hyperphagia:
Caregiver (Observer)
Impacts of Hyperphagia:
Caregiver (Self)
Group Difference (95% CI) P-Value Cohen’s D Group Difference (95% CI) P-Value Cohen’s D
Number of times wake up in the night due to uncontrollable hunger in past 7 days (< 5 vs. ≥ 5) 0.17 (0.02, 0.33) 0.061 0.41 0.18 (0.01, 0.35) 0.040* 0.40
Current use of appetite suppressant (Yes vs. No) 0.45 (0.32, 0.59) < 0.001*** 1.14 0.61 (0.47, 0.75) < 0.001*** 1.53

RIOFS: “Nobody understands the burden I carry”

(Yes vs. No)

0.38 (0.23, 0.53) < 0.001*** 0.89 0.24 (0.08, 0.41) 0.002** 0.51
RIOFS: “Sometimes I feel like we live on a roller coaster” (Yes vs. No) 0.21 (0.05, 0.37) 0.012* 0.49 0.26 (0.09, 0.43) 0.004** 0.56
RIOFS: “It is hard to find a reliable person to take care of my child” (Yes vs. No) 0.23 (0.07, 0.38) 0.003** 0.54 0.27 (0.10, 0.44) 0.002** 0.58
PROMIS Global Health of Caregiver: Mental Health (Fair/poor vs. excellent/very good/good) 0.25 (0.05, 0.45) 0.011* 0.63 0.23 (0.01, 0.45) 0.039* 0.52

RIOFS, Revised Impact on Family Scale

*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001