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. 2025 Aug 22;19(1):248. doi: 10.1186/s13065-025-01613-z

Table 1.

FMEA for risk assessment in HPLC-FLD method development by AQbD

Parameter Effect Probability Severity Detectability RPN
Injection volume* Changes in peak resolutions 2 3 4 24
Mobile phase composition Changes in retention time, peak resolutions, and shape 2 3 3 18
Organic phase %* Changes in retention time and peak resolutions 3 3 3 27
Mobile phase pH* Changes in retention time, peak resolutions, and shape 4 3 2 24
Buffer concentration * Changes in retention time, peak resolutions, and shape 3 2 4 24
Flow rate* Changes in retention time and peak resolutions 3 4 2 24
Sample temperature Degradation of analyte and changes in peak resolutions 2 2 2 8
Column temperature* Changes in retention time and peak resolutions 3 3 3 27
Detection wavelength Decrease of sensitivity or selectivity 2 3 2 12
Sample pretreatment method* Changes of matrix effects or reproducibility 3 4 3 24
Column type Changes in retention time, peak resolutions and shape 1 5 1 5

RPN: risk priority number

* Selected for the factor screening assay