Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Variables | Total (n = 436) | Training set (n = 306) | Validation set (n = 130) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.255 | |||
| ≤ 70 | 314 (72.02) | 215 (70.26) | 99 (76.15) | |
| > 70 | 122 (27.98) | 91 (29.74) | 31 (23.85) | |
| CEA(ug/L) | 0.541 | |||
| ≤ 9.8 | 150 (34.40) | 102 (33.33) | 48 (36.92) | |
| > 9.8 | 286 (65.60) | 204 (66.67) | 82 (63.08) | |
| CA125(u/ml) | 0.925 | |||
| ≤ 35 | 91 (20.87) | 63 (20.59) | 28 (21.54) | |
| > 35 | 345 (79.13) | 243 (79.41) | 102 (78.46) | |
| CA199(u/ml) | 0.999 | |||
| ≤ 37 | 204 (46.79) | 143 (46.73) | 61 (46.92) | |
| > 37 | 232 (53.21) | 163 (53.27) | 69 (53.08) | |
| WBC((× 109/L) | 0.999 | |||
| ≥ 3.5 | 405 (92.89) | 284 (92.81) | 121 (93.08) | |
| < 3.5 | 31 (7.11) | 22 (7.19) | 9 (6.92) | |
| HGB(g/L) | 0.541 | |||
| ≥ 115 | 286 (65.60) | 204 (66.67) | 82 (63.08) | |
| < 115 | 150 (34.40) | 102 (33.33) | 48 (36.92) | |
| NEU_LYM | 0.900 | |||
| ≤ 5.06 | 292 (66.97) | 206 (67.32) | 86 (66.15) | |
| > 5.06 | 144 (33.03) | 100 (32.68) | 44 (33.85) | |
| PLT_LYM | 0.999 | |||
| ≤ 205.99 | 241 (55.28) | 169 (55.23) | 72 (55.38) | |
| > 205.99 | 195 (44.72) | 137 (44.77) | 58 (44.62) | |
| Types of ICIs | 0.378 | |||
| Carrilizumab | 137 (31.42) | 96 (31.37) | 41 (31.54) | |
| Pembrolizumab | 23 (5.28) | 15 (4.90) | 8 (6.15) | |
| Sindellizumab | 89 (20.41) | 66 (21.57) | 23 (17.69) | |
| Tirellizumab | 144 (33.03) | 104 (33.99) | 40 (30.77) | |
| Other | 43 (9.86) | 25 (8.17) | 18 (13.85) | |
| Gender | 0.739 | |||
| Male | 353 (80.96) | 246 (80.39) | 107 (82.31) | |
| Female | 83 (19.04) | 60 (19.61) | 23 (17.69) | |
| Smoking history | 0.663 | |||
| No | 206 (47.25) | 142 (46.41) | 64 (49.23) | |
| Yes | 230 (52.75) | 164 (53.59) | 66 (50.77) | |
| Surgery | 0.753 | |||
| No | 328 (75.23) | 232 (75.82) | 96 (73.85) | |
| Yes | 108 (24.77) | 74 (24.18) | 34 (26.15) | |
| Radiotherapy(baseline) | 0.999 | |||
| No | 356 (81.65) | 250 (81.70) | 106 (81.54) | |
| Yes | 80 (18.35) | 56 (18.30) | 24 (18.46) | |
| Chemotherapy | 0.737 | |||
| No | 221 (50.69) | 153 (50.00) | 68 (52.31) | |
| Yes | 215 (49.31) | 153 (50.00) | 62 (47.69) | |
| Targeted therapy | 0.595 | |||
| No | 370 (84.86) | 262 (85.62) | 108 (83.08) | |
| Yes | 66 (15.14) | 44 (14.38) | 22 (16.92) | |
| Antiangiogenic therapy | 0.310 | |||
| No | 351 (80.50) | 242 (79.08) | 109 (83.85) | |
| Yes | 85 (19.50) | 64 (20.92) | 21 (16.15) | |
| Histological subtype | 0.232 | |||
| Adenocarcinoma | 209 (47.94) | 156 (50.98) | 53 (40.77) | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 171 (39.22) | 115 (37.58) | 56 (43.08) | |
| Small cell lung cancer | 38 (8.71) | 24 (7.84) | 14 (10.77) | |
| Other | 18 (4.13) | 11 (3.59) | 7 (5.38) | |
| Stage | 0.866 | |||
| II-III | 110 (25.23) | 76 (24.84) | 34 (26.15) | |
| IV | 326 (74.77) | 230 (75.16) | 96 (73.85) | |
| Genetic mutation | 0.413 | |||
| No | 94 (21.56) | 71 (23.20) | 23 (17.69) | |
| Yes | 58 (13.30) | 41 (13.40) | 17 (13.08) | |
| Unknow | 284 (65.14) | 194 (63.40) | 90 (69.23) | |
| Treatment Plan | 0.451 | |||
| ICIs + chemotherapy | 293 (67.20) | 202 (66.01) | 91 (70.00) | |
| ICIs + chemotherapy + AATs | 57 (13.07) | 39 (12.75) | 18 (13.85) | |
| ICIs + AATs | 54 (12.39) | 43 (14.05) | 11 (8.46) | |
| ICIs | 32 (7.34) | 22 (7.19) | 10 (7.69) | |
| Lines | 0.858 | |||
| 1 | 264 (60.55) | 186 (60.78) | 78 (60.00) | |
| 2 | 104 (23.85) | 71 (23.20) | 33 (25.38) | |
| > 2 | 68 (15.60) | 49 (16.01) | 19 (14.62) | |
| ECOG PS | 0.438 | |||
| 0 ~ 1 | 379 (86.93) | 263 (85.95) | 116 (89.23) | |
| > 2 | 57 (13.07) | 43 (14.05) | 14 (10.77) | |
| Efficacy assessment | 0.502 | |||
| PD | 116 (26.61) | 82 (26.80) | 34 (26.15) | |
| SD | 261 (59.86) | 179 (58.50) | 82 (63.08) | |
| PR | 59 (13.53) | 45 (14.71) | 14 (10.77) | |
| AE grade | 0.863 | |||
| 0 | 209 (47.94) | 147 (48.04) | 62 (47.69) | |
| 1 ~ 2 | 182 (41.74) | 126 (41.18) | 56 (43.08) | |
| 3 + | 45 (10.32) | 33 (10.78) | 12 (9.23) | |
| Ascites | 0.818 | |||
| No | 406 (93.12) | 286 (93.46) | 120 (92.31) | |
| Yes | 30 (6.88) | 20 (6.54) | 10 (7.69) | |
| Lung metastases | 0.784 | |||
| No | 344 (78.90) | 243 (79.41) | 101 (77.69) | |
| Yes | 92 (21.10) | 63 (20.59) | 29 (22.31) | |
| Liver metastases | 0.076 | |||
| No | 408 (93.58) | 291 (95.10) | 117 (90.00) | |
| Yes | 28 (6.42) | 15 (4.90) | 13 (10.00) | |
| Bone metastases | 0.236 | |||
| No | 389 (89.22) | 269 (87.91) | 120 (92.31) | |
| Yes | 47 (10.78) | 37 (12.09) | 10 (7.69) | |
| Lymph node metastases | 0.999 | |||
| No | 380 (87.16) | 267 (87.25) | 113 (86.92) | |
| Yes | 56 (12.84) | 39 (12.75) | 17 (13.08) | |
| Other metastases | 0.831 | |||
| No | 373 (85.55) | 263 (85.95) | 110 (84.62) | |
| Yes | 63 (14.45) | 43 (14.05) | 20 (15.38) | |
| Radiotherapy | 0.563 | |||
| No | 302 (69.27) | 215 (70.26) | 87 (66.92) | |
| Yes | 134 (30.73) | 91 (29.74) | 43 (33.08) |
WBC White blood cell count, CEA Carcinoembryonic antigen, NEU_LYM Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, PLT_LYM Platelet/lymphocyte ratio, HGB Hemoglobin, CA125 Carbohydrate antigen 125, CA199 Carbohydrate antigen 199, AATs Anti-angiogenesis therapies, ECOG PS Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, AE Adverse event, PD Progressive disease, PR Partial response, SD Stable disease