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. 2025 Aug 7;16:1564880. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1564880

Table 10.

Conditional process analysis in grandparent’s data (emotional leisure).

Regression equation B SE t LLCI ULCI
Mediator variable model for predicting PGI
Constant 2.720 0.333 8.177*** 2.064 3.377
Grade 0.169 0.298 0.567 −0.418 0.756
Achievement 0.120 0.045 2.653** 0.031 0.209
EL 0.454 0.060 7.594*** 0.336 0.572
Dependent variable model for predicting LE
Constant 1.019 0.537 1.899 −0.040 2.078
Grade −0.133 0.409 −0.325 −0.939 0.673
Achievement 0.252 0.064 3.931*** 0.125 0.378
EL 0.102 0.094 1.078 −0.084 0.288
PGI 0.869 0.103 8.446*** 0.666 1.071
SEE 0.172 0.115 1.494 −0.055 0.400
EL × SEE −0.480 0.136 −3.533** −0.748 −0.212
Conditional direct effect analysis at values of the moderator
SEE Effect SE t LLCI ULCI
Low (M − 1SD) 0.398 0.127 3.125** 0.220 0.796
Mean 0.102 0.094 1.078 0.045 0.502
High (M + 1SD) −0.125 0.113 −1.107 −0.349 0.098

PGI, personal growth initiative; EL, emotional leisure; LE, learning engagement; SEE, self-education expectation.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.