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Bootstrap test for mediating effect (grandparent).
| Model pathways | Effect | Boot LLCI | Boot ULCI | Ratio to total effect on LE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AS → PGI → LE | Indirect effect | 0.263 | 0.164 | 0.364 | 47.645% |
| Direct effect | 0.289 | 0.137 | 0.441 | ||
| Total effect | 0.552 | 0.395 | 0.708 |
AS, academic support; PGI, personal growth initiative; LE, learning engagement.
