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. 2025 Aug 7;16:1564880. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1564880

Table 9.

Conditional process analysis in parent’s data (emotional leisure).

Regression equation B SE t LLCI ULCI
Mediator variable model for predicting PGI
Constant 3.035 0.136 22.308*** 2.768 3.302
Grade −0.009 0.060 −0.154 −0.126 0.108
Achievement 0.116 0.028 4.154*** 0.061 0.170
EL 0.384 0.032 11.854*** 0.320 0.447
Dependent variable model for predicting LE
Constant 2.066 0.267 7.743*** 1.542 2.590
Grade −0.375 0.086 −4.348*** −0.544 −0.206
Achievement 0.208 0.042 4.916*** 0.125 0.291
EL 0.317 0.051 6.209*** 0.217 0.417
PGI 0.667 0.058 11.517*** 0.553 0.781
SEE 0.119 0.072 1.644 −0.023 0.260
EL × SEE −0.214 0.069 −3.112** −0.349 −0.079
Conditional direct effect analysis at values of the moderator
SEE Effect SE t LLCI ULCI
Low (M − 1SD) 0.457 0.069 6.661*** 0.323 0.592
Mean 0.317 0.051 6.209*** 0.217 0.417
High (M + 1SD) 0.199 0.063 3.150** 0.075 0.323

PGI, personal growth initiative; EL, emotional leisure; LE, learning engagement; SEE, self-education expectation.

**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.