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. 2025 Aug 8;16:1518064. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1518064

Table 2.

Means, standard deviations, and factor loadings from exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

Items Subsample 1 (EFA) Subsample 2 (CFA)
M SD S K ß M SD S K ß

  1. My parents would get really mad when they argued [Mes parents devenaient vraiment fâchés quand ils se disputaient]

 3.1 1.6 0.20 −1.19 0.85 3.2 1.7 0.14 −1.30 0.83

  1. My parents argued or disagreed a lot [Mes parents se disputaient ou étaient souvent en désaccord]

 2.9 1.6 0.40 −1.05 0.87 2.9 1.6 0.37 −1.14 0.88

  1. My parents were often mean to each other even when I was around [Mes parents étaient souvent méchants l’un envers l’autre, même quand j’étais là]

 2.2 1.5 1.09 0.07 0.91 2.2 1.5 1.09 0.04 0.86

  1. I often saw my parents arguing [J’ai souvent vu mes parents se disputer].

 2.9 1.7 0.45 −1.09 0.91 2.8 1.7 0.55 −0.97 0.91

  1. When my parents argued, they would say mean things to each other [Quand mes parents se disputaient, ils se disaient des choses méchantes].

 2.4 1.6 0.98 −0.24 0.91 2.3 1.6 0.96 −0.39 0.89

  1. When my parents argued, they would yell a lot [Quand mes parents se disputaient, ils criaient beaucoup].

 2.7 1.7 0.63 −0.86 0.91 2.6 1.7 0.68 −0.82 0.91

  1. My parents often nagged and complained about each other [Mes parents chialaient et se plaignaient souvent l’un de l’autre].

 2.6 1.6 0.71 −0.78 0.82 2.4 1.6 0.81 −0.68 0.82

  1. My parents have pushed/shoved each other or have broken/thrown things during arguments [Mes parents se sont déjà poussés/ bousculés ou ont cassé/lancé des objets au cours d’une dispute].

 1.7 1.3 2.14 3.50 0.69 1.6 1.2 2.43 4.85 0.59

  • Cronbach’s alpha (α)

 0.95 (95% CI [0.94, 0.96]) 0.95 (95% CI [0.94, 0.96])

  • McDonald omega (ω)

 0.95 (95% CI [0.94, 0.96]) 0.95 (95% CI [0.94, 0.96])

*S, skewness; K, kurtosis.