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. 2025 Aug 22;24:1102. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03709-2

Table 2.

Independent samples test of critical thinking tendency

Critical Thinking Domain Group Time M SD t P-value
Attitude Experimental Pre 3.46 0.49 1.15 0.25
Control Pre 3.34 0.62
Experimental Post 4.56 0.62 -0.11 0.298
Control Post 4.67 0.63
Creativity Experimental Pre 3.62 0.50 0.03 0.97
Control Pre 3.62 0.55
Experimental Post 4.70 0.57 -0.12 0.225
Control Post 4.82 0.61
Decision-making Experimental Pre 3.49 0.46 1.37 0.17
Control Pre 3.63 0.61
Experimental Post 4.48 0.55 -0.28 0.015
Control Post 4.76 0.69