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. 2025 Aug 22;23:118. doi: 10.1186/s12958-025-01442-8

Table 2.

Linear regression analyses of free testosterone, lifestyle factors (N = 50)

Sr. No Factors Free Testosterone (ng/mL)
Simple
Regression
Multiple
Regression
Coefficient (ββ) P-value Coefficient (ββ) P-value
1 Type of Diet
Lacto-Vegan (Vegetarian) -15.2 0.03 -10.5 0.05
Eggetarian (Vegetarian consuming eggs and egg products) 8.5 0.12 5.2 0.15
Non-Vegetarian 12.3 0.01 8.7 0.03
2 Type of Exercise/Sports
Hypertrophy training / Strength training at the gym 25.6 0.001 20.3 0.001
Cardiovascular exercise / Sport 10.4 0.04 8.5 0.04
No exercise -5.2 0.25 -3.2 0.3
3 Exercise Frequency
Intense daily exercise + physical job/activity 30.1 0.001 25.6 0.001
Moderately active 15.3 0.02 12.4 0.02
Lightly active 5.6 0.1 4.5 0.12
No exercise -10.2 0.05 -8.2 0.05
4 Tea Consumption
Daily -8.7 0.03 -6.5 0.04
Several times a week -3.2 0.2 -2.1 0.25
Rarely / Never 0 - 0 -
5 Carbonated Beverages/Soft Drinks
Daily -12.4 0.01 -10.2 0.01
Several times a week -5.6 0.08 -4.3 0.1
Rarely / Never 0 - 0 -
6 Caffeine Intake
Daily -10.3 0.02 -8.4 0.03
Several times a week -4.1 0.15 -3.2 0.18
Rarely / Never 0 - 0 -
7 Tobacco Use
Daily -18.5 0.001 -15.6 0.001
Several times a week -7.2 0.05 -6.3 0.05
Rarely / Never 0 - 0 -
8 Soya-Based Product Consumption
Daily -14.2 0.01 -12.3 0.01
Several times a week -6.3 0.1 -5.2 0.12
Rarely / Never 0 - 0 -
9 Junk Food Intake
Daily -16.8 0.001 -14.5 0.001
Several times a week -8.4 0.03 -7.2 0.04
Rarely / Never 0 - 0 -
10 Dairy Product Consumption
Daily 12.5 0.02 10.4 0.03
Several times a week 6.3 0.1 5.1 0.12
Rarely / Never 0 - 0 -
11 Sleep Duration
Less than 6 h -20.1 0.001 -18.2 0.001
6 to 8 h 0 - 0 -
More than 8 h 15.4 0.01 12.5 0.02
12 Sunlight Exposure
Less than 20 min -10.2 0.03 -8.4 0.04
20 to 60 min 5.6 0.1 4.2 0.15
More than 60 min 12.3 0.02 10.3 0.03
13 Supplement Use
No 0 - 0 -
Yes (any) 25.6 0.001 20.5 0.001