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. 2025 Aug 22;14:90. doi: 10.1186/s13741-025-00571-3

Table 3.

Postoperative POD prevalence and daily incidence

Delirium incidence PS (N = 23) MS (N = 27) MK (N = 24) PK (N = 30) p-value
Surgery night 4 (17.39%) 3 (11.11%) 3 (12.5%) 4 (13.33%) 0.941
1 st day 1 (4.35%) 3 (11.11%) 2 (8.33%) 0 (0.0%) 0.261
1 st night 1 (4.35%) 2 (7.41%) 1 (4.17%) 0 (0.0%) 0.530
2nd day 2 (8.7%) 1 (3.7%) 1 (4.17%) 0 (0.0%) 0.369
2nd night 1 (4.35%) 1 (3.7%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0.465
3rd day 1 (4.35%) 1 (3.7%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (3.33%) 0.893
3rd night 1 (4.35%) 2 (7.41%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (3.33%) 0.730
4th day 1 (4.35%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (3.33%) 0.718
4th night 1 (4.35%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (3.33%) 0.718

Prevalence

(95% exact confidence interval)

4 (17.39%)

(4.95–38.78%)

6 (22.23%)

(8.62–42.26%)

4 (16.67%)

(4.74–37.38%)

5 (16.67%)

(5.64–34.72%)

0.957

PS, placebo-saline; MS, melatonin-saline; MK, melatonin-ketamine; PK, placebo-saline