Table 4.
Intraoperative anesthetic medication
| Drugs | PS (N = 23) | MS (N = 27) | MK (N = 24) | PK (N = 30) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ketorolac | 18 (78.26%) | 15 (55.56%) | 17 (70.83%) | 23 (76.67%) | 0.831 |
| Acetaminophen | 18 (78.26%) | 15 (55.56%) | 18 (75.0%) | 26 (86.67%) | 0.634 |
| Fentanyl | 21 (91.3%) | 19 (70.37%) | 22 (91.67%) | 29 (96.67%) | 0.685 |
| Morphine sulfate | 18 (78.26%) | 17 (62.96%) | 23 (95.83%) | 28 (93.33%) | 0.188 |
| Midazolam | 7 (30.43%) | 13 (48.15%) | 13 (54.17%) | 21 (70.0%) | 0.035 |
| Cisatracurium | 5 (21.74%) | 2 (7.41%) | 4 (16.67%) | 3 (10.0%) | 0.581 |
| Atracurium | 15 (65.22%) | 17 (62.96%) | 18 (75.0%) | 26 (86.67%) | 0.316 |
| Isoflurane | 18 (78.26%) | 17 (62.96%) | 20 (83.33%) | 27 (90.0%) | 0.859 |
| Sodium thiopental | 14 (60.87%) | 16 (59.26%) | 21 (87.5%) | 27 (90.0%) | 0.079 |
| Ondansetron | 19 (82.61%) | 19 (70.37%) | 23 (95.83%) | 29 (96.67%) | 0.091 |
PS, placebo-saline; MS, melatonin-saline; MK, melatonin-ketamine; PK, placebo-saline