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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Infant Behav Dev. 2025 Aug 1;80:102119. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102119

Table 1.

Sample Summary by Demographic Category

Full Sample Calibration (N=1130) Looking While Listening Hand-coding Subsample (N=10) Familiarization Hand-Coding Subsample (N=10)
Age (months)
 5.50–8.49
 8.50–11.49
 11.50–14.49
 14.50–17.49
 17.50–20.49
 20.5–24.49

162 (14.34%)
221 (19.56%)
173 (15.31%)
172 (15.22%)
171 (15.14%)
231 (20.44%)

0 (0%)
3 (30%)
3 (30%)
0 (0%)
3 (30%)
1 (10%)

2 (20%)
2 (20%)
1 (10%)
2 (20%)
3 (30%)
0 (0%)
Gender
 Female
 Male

552 (49%)
578 (51%)

5 (50%)
5 (50%)

5 (50%)
5 (50%)
Race/Ethnicity
 Any race, Hispanic
 Asian, Non-Hispanic
 Black, Non-Hispanic
 Other, Non-Hispanic
 White, Non-Hispanic

333 (29%)
26 (2%)
239 (21%)
111 (10%)
421 (37%)

0 (0%)
0 (0%)
3 (30%)
1 (10%)
6 (60%)

2 (20%)
0 (0%)
1 (10%)
1 (10%)
6 (60%)
Parent Education
 Less than high school
 High school GED
 Some college
 Bachelor’s degree
 Greater than Bachelors

44 (4%)
199 (18%)
355 (31%)
320 (28%)
212 (19%)

0 (0%)
1 (10%)
3 (30%)
3 (30%)
3 (30%)

1 (10%)
1 (10%)
4 (40%)
3 (30%)
1 (10%)