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. 2025 Aug 22;25:2900. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23890-y

Table 2.

Univariate and multivariable logistic regression model of CMD association with demographic and socioeconomic variables among AYA

Characteristic Univariate model Multivariable model
OR (95% CI) p-values aOR (95% CI) p-values
Age (years)
 15–19 (ref)
 20–24 0.946 (0.832, 1.076) 0.401 0.924 (0.806, 1.059) 0.257
Self-identified sex
 Male (ref)
 Female 1.119 (0.984, 1.273) 0.087 1.067 (0.926, 1.231) 0.370
Ever had children
 No (ref)
 Yes 1.247 (1.052, 1.478) 0.011* 1.271 (1.046, 1.544) 0.016*
Relationship with household head
 Child (ref)
 Head, spouse, or sibling 1.557 (1.288, 1.883) < 0.001* 1.560 (1.290, 1.886) < 0.001*
 Extended family 1.259 (1.088, 1.456) 0.002* 1.256 (1.084, 1.455) 0.002*
 Non-relatives 1.927 (1.396, 2.659) < 0.001* 1.914 (1.386, 2.642) < 0.001*
Current school attendance
 Not attending or ≤ grade 7 (ref)
 Grade 8–12 0.770 (0.571, 1.038) 0.086 0.780 (0.576, 1.058) 0.110

Ref reference group, OR odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval

*p < 0.05