Table 4.
Logistic regression models for the change in children’s behaviours between PRE-COVID-19 period and COVID-19 period
| Indipendent variables |
MODEL 1 Daily hours spent studying Increased (yes/no) |
MODEL 2 Time spent in active play Decreased (yes/no) |
MODEL 3 Time spent watching TV, playing video games or using social media Increased (yes/no) |
MODEL 4 Sedentary lifestyle Increased (yes/no) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR* (95% CI) | OR* (95% CI) | OR* (95% CI) | OR* (95% CI) | |
| Child’s Gender | ||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 1.10 (0.96–1.26) | 0.96 (0.83–1.11) | 0.86 (0.75–0.99) | 0.89 (0.77–1.03) |
| Residence area | ||||
| North | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Centre | 0.79 (0.66–0.94) | 1.14 (0.95–1.36) | 1.26 (1.05–1.50) | 1.25 (1.04–1.50) |
| South | 0.90 (0.76–1.07) | 1.36 (1.14–1.62) | 1.00 (0.84.1.19) | 1.26 (1.05–1.51) |
| Parents’ educational level** | ||||
|
Low level of education |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
|
Medium level of education |
1.79 (1.30–2.44) | 2.46 (1.78–2.41) | 1.61 (1.22–2.17) | 2.57 (1.78–3.72) |
|
High level of education |
2.55 (1.86–3.51) | 3.20 (2.30–4.46) | 2.04 (1.51–2.76) | 3.32 (2.29–4.82) |
| Parents’ nationality | ||||
|
At least one foreign parent |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Both Italians | 1.10 (0.86–1.41) | 1.46 (1.13–1.89) | 1.22 (0.95–1.57) | 1.44 (1.10–1.90) |
| Family structure | ||||
| One-parent family | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Two-parent family | 1.28 (1.04–1.56) | 0.93 (0.76–1.15) | 1.17 (0.96–1.43) | 1.03 (0.83–1.27) |
| Family-perceived wealth | ||||
| Good/quite good | 1 | |||
| Critical/somewhat critical | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | 1.18 (1.01–1.37) | 1.22 (1.05–1.42) | 1.21 (1.03–1.41) |
| Availability of outdoor spaces | ||||
| Yes | 1 | |||
| No | 1.08 (0.92–1.27) | 2.23 (1.90–2.62) | 1.77 (1.51–2.09) | 2.14 (1.82–2.51) |
| Home size | ||||
| > 150 m2 | 1 | |||
| 91–150 m2 | 0.96 (0.78–1.19) | 1.62 (1.30–2.03) | 0.94 (0.76–1.16) | 1.32 (1.10–1.82) |
| <=90 m2 | 0.91 (0.72–1.14) | 1.59 (1.25–2.02) | 0.97 (0.77–1.22) | 1.41 (1.05–1.68) |
*Statistically significant results are in bold
*Adjusted Odds Ratio for all variables list in the Table 4
***The highest educational level between the two parents