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. 2025 Aug 22;25:2885. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24030-2

Table 4.

Determinants of continuum of care completionamong women with and without disability in LMICs

Variables Model I AOR (95% CI) Model II AOR (95% CI) Model III AOR (95% CI) P-Value
Disability status
 No disability 1.0 1.0(reference)
 Have disability 0.88 (0.82, 0.94) 0.89 (0.83, 0.95)
Age of respondents
 15–24 1.0(reference)
 25–29 1.09 (1.02, 1.16) 1.05 (0.98, 1.12) 0.163
 30–34 1.13 (1.05, 1.22) 1.08 (1.00, 1.16) 0.044
 35–49 1.00 (0.93, 1.07) 0.96 (0.89, 1.03) 0.219
Educational status
 No education 1.0(reference) 1.0(reference)
 Primary 1.61 (1.49, 1.74) 1.63 (1.51, 1.76) 0.000
 Secondary or higher 2.57 (2.37, 2.79) 2.27 (2.09, 2.46) 0.000
Sex of head of household
 Male 1.0(reference) 1.0(reference)
 Female 1.11 (1.04, 1.18) 1.14 (1.07, 1.22) 0.000
Wealth Index
 Poorest 1.0(reference) 1.0(reference)
 Poorer 1.25 (1.15, 1.35) 1.24 (1.14, 1.35) 0.000
 Middle 1.51 (1.38, 1.65) 1.46 (1.33, 1.60) 0.000
 Richer 1.88 (1.70, 2.07) 1.72 (1.55, 1.90) 0.000
 Richest 2.48 (2.24, 2.75) 2.18 (1.95, 2.43) 0.000
Pregnancy wanted
 Intended 1.0(reference) 1.0(reference)
 Unintended 0.77 (0.72, 0.82) 0.83 (0.78, 0.89) 0.000
Respondents currently working
 No 1.0(reference) 1.0(reference)
 Yes 1.15 (1.09, 1.22) 1.29 (1.22, 1.37) 0.000
Marital Status
 Not married/Not in union 1.0(reference) 1.0(reference)
 Married/Live with partner 1.10 (1.01, 1.19) 1.02 (0.94, 1.11) 0.648
Delivery by caesarean section
 Yes 2.84 (2.60, 3.10) 2.69 (2.46, 2.93) 0.000
 No 1.0(reference) 1.0(reference)
Ever had terminated pregnancy
 Yes 1.19 (1.11, 1.27) 1.15 (1.08, 1.23) 0.000
 No 1.0(reference) 1.0(reference)
Health care barrier
 Not a big problem 1.0(reference) 1.0(reference)
 Big problem 0.84 (0.79, 0.88) 0.81 (0.76, 0.85) 0.000
Community level predictors
Region
 Sub-Saharan Africa 1.0(reference) 1.0(reference)
 South and south-east Asia 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) 1.68 (1.56, 1.82) 0.000
Residence
 Urban 2.46 (2.26, 2.68) 1.36 (1.25, 1.49) 0.000
 Rural 1.0(reference) 1.0(reference)
Community level media exposure
 High 1.11 (1.02, 1.22) 1.03 (0.95, 1.12) 0.466
 Low 1.0(reference)
Community level poverty
 High 1.01 (0.92, 1.11) 1.06 (0.97, 1.15) 0.183
 Low 1.0(reference)
Model parameters Null model Model I Model II Model III
 ICC 7.8% 6.4% 8.0% 6.0%
 PCV Reference 0.1926 −0.0342 0.2419
 Log likelihood −34533.2 −30176.0 −33298.8 −29880.7
 AIC 69070.4 60390.1 66609.62 59807.4
 BIC 69088.1 60558.4 66,663 60011.2