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. 2025 Aug 22;25:2896. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23894-8

Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics of all the variables used (Inline graphic)

Variables Categories Frequency (%) Mean Sleep Health score (SD)
Age groups 60-74 years 150 (34.4) 7.75 (1.98)
75-84 years 193 (44.3) 7.34 (2.06)
85+ years 93 (21.3) 6.89 (1.94)
Gender Men 204 (46.8) 7.57 (1.87)
Women 232 (53.2) 7.23 (2.15)
Education Primary education 101 (24.5) 7.03 (1.86)
Secondary education 187 (45.4) 7.19 (2.09)
Higher education 124 (30.1) 7.90 (2.03)
Living status Alone 151 (35.0) 7.03 (2.2)
Together with someone 281 (65.0) 7.58 (1.9)
Internet User Not Internet user 87 (20.0) 6.90 (1.86)
Internet user 349 (80.0) 7.50 (2.05)
Frequency of technology use Seldom or never 128 (29.4) 6.89 (1.84)
Often 308 (70.6) 7.59 (2.07)
Use of technology with screen one hour before sleep Seldom or never 224 (52.5) 7.10 (2.14)
Often 203 (47.5) 7.70 (1.85)
Mobile phone with screen during awake period after sleep onset Seldom or never 403 (94.4) 7.42 (2.04)
Often 24 (5.6) 6.86 (1.86)
Do you use technology to monitor sleep? No 400 (91.7) 7.40 (2.03)
Yes 21 (4.8) 7.44 (2.06)
Do you use technology to improve sleep? No 339 (77.8) 7.44 (2.06)
Yes 97 (22.2) 7.20 (1.9)
Sleep disorder No 371 (89.6) 7.48 (1.99)
Yes 43 (10.4) 7.00 (2.28)
Satisfaction of sleep Never or sometimes 174 (41.4) 5.89 (1.95)
Always 246 (58.6) 8.45 (1.28)
Alertness during the day Never or sometimes 200 (47.5) 6.55 (1.95)
Always 221 (52.5) 8.13 (1.80)
Timing of sleep Never or sometimes 63 (15.1) 4.77 (2.06)
Always 355 (84.9) 7.86 (1.63)
Efficiency of sleep Never or sometimes 261 (62.9) 6.65 (1.91)
Always 154 (37.1) 8.64 (1.57)
Duration of sleep Never or sometimes 127 (30.4) 5.29 (1.86)
Always 291 (69.6) 8.29 (1.31)
Mean Standard deviation Range
Total Sleep Health Score 7.40 2.03 1-10
Digital Social Participation 2.64 1.69 1-5
Technology Anxiety 3.3 1.1 1-5
Technology Enthusiasm 2.9 1.1 1-5