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. 2025 Aug 21;24:1096. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03754-x

Table 8.

Direct and indirect effect of perceived stress profiles (categorical variables) on work engagement

Effects Variables Estimate SE t LLCI ULCI
Indirect effect High tension-low out of control group -0.174 0.038 4.087 -0.252 -0.105
High stress-low efficiency group -0.260 0.057 4.656 -0.379 -0.155
Direct effect High tension-low out of control group -0.430 0.094 -4.566 -0.614 -0.245
High stress-low efficiency group -0.651 0.125 -5.192 -0.897 -0.405
Total effect High tension-low out of control group -0.604 0.090 -6.701 -0.781 -0.427
High stress-low efficiency group -0.911 0.118 -7.728 -1.143 -0.679

Note: Age and family support as control variables; C1 (Low stress-high self-demand group) is used as the reference

Abbreviations: SE, standard error; LLCI, lower level of confidence interval; ULCI, upper level of a confidence interval