Table 1.
Comparison of patient characteristics, non-contrast CT findings, and laboratory results of patients with impacted and non-impacted stones
| Variables | All patients | Non-impacted group | Impacted group | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 211) | (n = 146) | (n = 65) | ||
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 43 (22.5) | 42 (21.8) | 43 (25) | 0.925m |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.086* | |||
| Male | 153 (72.5) | 111 (76) | 42 (64.6) | |
| Female | 58 (27.5) | 35 (24) | 23 (35.4) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 27.4 ± 4.5 | 27.6 ± 4.6 | 26.8 ± 4.2 | 0.214t |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 28 (13.3) | 18 (12.3) | 10 (15.4) | 0.546* |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 14 (6.6) | 11 (7.5) | 3 (4.6) | 0.557f |
| History of stone treatment, n (%) | 46 (21.8) | 33 (22.6) | 13 (20) | 0.672* |
| Shock Wave Lithotripsy | 12 (5.7) | 9 (6.2) | 3 (4.6) | 0.759f |
| Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy | 37 (17.5) | 27 (18.5) | 10 (15.4) | 0.584* |
| PNL/open kidney surgery | 5 (2.4) | 4 (2.7) | 1 (1.5) | 1.000f |
| Preoperative positive urine culture, n (%) | 10 (4.7) | 4 (2.7) | 6 (9.2) | 0.072f |
| Colic severity (VAS score), median (IQR) | 9 (3) | 10 (2) | 7 (4) | < 0.001m |
| Time from pain onset to surgery (days), median (IQR) | 15 (33) | 11.5 (24) | 40 (71) | < 0.001m |
| Time from CT to surgery (days), median (IQR) | 3 (5) | 3 (5) | 4 (5) | 0.173m |
| Stone location, n (%) | < 0.001* | |||
| Upper ureter | 86 (40.8) | 48 (32.9) | 38 (58.5) | |
| Lower ureter | 125 (59.2) | 98 (67.1) | 27 (41.5) | |
| Stone volume (mm3), median (IQR) | 110.1 (175.7) | 90 (123) | 183.5 (361.8) | < 0.001m |
| Stone density (HU) median (IQR) | 1,036 (390) | 1,034.5 (409) | 1,052 (293) | 0.435m |
| PUWT (mm), median (IQR) | 3 (3) | 2 (3) | 4 (2) | < 0.001m |
| Presence of severe hydronephrosis, n (%) | 39 (18.5) | 12 (8.2) | 27 (41.5) | < 0.001f |
| Renal parenchymal thickness (mm), median (IQR) | 25 (6) | 25 (5) | 24 (7) | 0.009m |
| Perirenal stranding, n (%) | 50 (23.7) | 37 (25.3) | 13 (20) | 0.399* |
| Opacity, n (%) | 147 (69.7) | 96 (65.8) | 51 (78.5) | 0.064* |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) median (IQR) | 1.01 (0.42) | 1.01 (0.41) | 0.94 (0.43) | 0.450m |
| White blood cell count (109/L), median (IQR) | 9.5 (4.3) | 9.8 (4.7) | 9.1 (3.6) | 0.452m |
| Neutrophil count (109/L), median (IQR) | 6.53 (4.29) | 6.84 (4.26) | 5.81 (4.52) | 0.196m |
| Lymphocyte count (109/L), mean ± SD | 2.31 ± 0.83 | 2.29 ± 0.82 | 2.35 ± 0.85 | 0.662t |
| Platelet (109/L), median (IQR) | 264 (90) | 269.5 (100) | 256 (88) | 0.974m |
| Monocyte count (109/L), median (IQR) | 0.68 (0.34) | 0.69 (0.36) | 0.67 (0.31) | 0.191m |
| SIII, median (IQR) | 724.4 (688.7) | 731.8 (649.9) | 618 (669.4) | 0.151m |
| Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, median (IQR) | 2.7 (2.4) | 2.8 (2.1) | 2.3 (2.8) | 0.163m |
| Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, median (IQR) | 118.5 (59.9) | 118.5 (64.3) | 118.5 (58.4) | 0.585m |
IQR Interquartile range, SD Standard deviation, PNL Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, VAS Visual Analog Scale, CT Computed tomography, HU Hounsfield unit, PUWT Peri-calculus ureteral wall thickness, SIII Systemic immune-inflammation index
*Pearson’s chi-square test, fFisher’s exact test, tIndependent-samples t-test, mMann-Whitney U test