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. 2025 Aug 8;12:1573333. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2025.1573333

Table 2.

Comparison of intra-cohort results during the first and the third task repetitions across each of the considered NOMAT items.

Item Coef. 95% CI p-value Coef. 95% CI p-value
Operator positioning and posture 0.37 −0.29; 1.03 0.30 0.95 0.24; 1.65 0 . 02
Use of the surgical microscope −0.10 −0.65; 0.74 0.81 0.46 −0.31; 1.22 0.26
Handling of surgical instruments 0.31 −0.19; 0.80 0.24 0.21 −0.44; 0.85 0.54
Vessel handling and respect for tissue 0.05 −0.69; 0.78 0.89 0.67 −0.11; 1.47 0.12
Needle handling and care 0.31 −0.18; 0.80 0.24 0.73 0.26; 1.21 0.01
Needle bite uniformity −0.03 −.0.80; 0.75 0.95 0.89 0.11; 1.67 0.04
Spacing of the sutures 0.05 −0.62; 0.74 0.89 0.36 −0.38; 1.10 0.36
Knot tying 0.19 −0.46; 0.83 0.57 0.97 0.44; 1.49 0.002
Microsurgical efficiency with the needle −0.12 −0.67; 0.44 0.69 0.65 −0.04; 1.34 0.08
Microsurgical efficiency with knot tying −0.27 −0.85; 0.29 0.36 0.51 −0.22; 1.25 0.19
Evaluation of the complete anastomosis off-pump 0.20 −0.52; 0.92 0.59 0.65 −0.23; 1.53 0.17
Evaluation of the complete anastomosis on-pump −0.38 −1.33; 0.57 0.44 0.28 −0.61; 1.17 0.56
Lumen 1.20 0.24; 2.16 0.04 0.15 −0.87; 1.12 0.78

Bold: statistically significant items.

Legend: T1 = First time; T3 = Third time.