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. 2025 Aug 7;16:1544411. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1544411

Table 6.

Results of confirmatory factor analysis of study variables.

Model X2 (df) ΔX2 CFI TLI RMSEA SRMR Loading range Inter-factor correlation
1-factor 3008.499*** (299) 0.46 0.42 0.19 0.24 0.04–1.05
2-factor 2356.792*** (298) 651.707 0.59 0.55 0.17 0.22 0.03–1.04 −0.12
3-factor 1627.850*** (296) 728.942 0.74 0.71 0.14 0.17 0.02–1.03 −0.70 – 0.39
4-factor 740.50*** (293) 887.350 0.92 0.91 0.08 0.07 0.63–1.03 −0.70 – 0. 44

N = 248; Estimation method ml; df = degrees of freedom; X2 = chi-square; ΔX2 = difference in chi-square; CFI = Comparative Fit Index; TLI = Tucker–Lewis Index; SRMR = Standardized Root Mean Square Residual; RMSEA = Root Mean Square Error of Approximation; Model 1 (1-factor model) combines all four variables as one factor. Model 2 (2-factor model) includes AFF-MTL and NC-MTL, loading items of SN-MTL and PS-MTL onto AFF-MTL. Model 3 (3-factor model) includes AFF-MTL, NC-MTL, and SN-MTL, loading items of PS-MTL onto AFF-MTL. Model 4 (4-factor model) includes all four variables being treated as independent factors. All X2 (df)s are significant at ***p < 0.001 level.