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. 2025 Aug 7;16:1544411. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1544411

Table 7.

Mann–Whitney U-test: summary of differences between male and female.

Variables Males Females U Z
Mean rank Median Mean rank Median
AFF-MTL 134.9 4.78 119.64 4.56 5854.00 1.562
SN-MTL 152.74 4.25 111.3 3.875 4444.50 4.243***
NC-MTL 95.0 4.71 138.31 5.43 4341.50 −4.441***
PS-MTL 89.14 5.83 141.03 6.33 3,882 −5.334***
FLSA 74.42 4.25 147.91 5.75 2719.5 −7.535***

N = 248; AFF-MTL = affective-identity motivation to lead; SN-MTL = social normative motivation to lead; NC-MTL = non-calculative motivation to lead; PS-MTL = prosocial motivation to lead. ***p < 0.001.