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. 2025 Aug 7;16:1544411. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1544411

Table 8.

Results of regression analyses for motivation to lead factors.

Variables (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
AFF-MTL AFF-MTL SN-MTL SN-MTL NC-MTL NC-MTL PS-MTL PS-MTL
Intercept −0.51 −0.61 0.46 0.94* 0.20* −0.37 −0.74* −0.88**
(0.58) (0.61) (0.30) (0.36) (0.55) (0.47) (0.35) (0.29)
Gender −0.33 −0.16 −0.65*** −0.27 0.40** 0.14 0.58*** 0.23
(0.17) (0.24) (0.14) (0.18) (0.16) (0.19) (0.12) (0.16)
Age 0.05* 0.05 0.01 −0.02 −0.04 −0.02 0.00 0.02
(0.03) (0.03) (0.01) (0.01) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) (0.01)
Academic degree −0.70** −0.71** −0.42* −0.11 0.85*** 0.47** 0.21* 0.00
(0.25) (0.26) (0.18) (0.19) (0.16) (0.15) (0.10) (0.10)
First-gen 0.03 0.04 0.31* −0.08 −0.21 0.21 −0.17 0.02
(0.19) (0.21) (0.14) (0.15) (0.15) (0.17) (0.11) (0.12)
PLE −0.22 −0.23 −0.12 0.05 0.32* 0.12 0.30** 0.21*
(0.19) (0.20) (0.16) (0.16) (0.15) (0.13) (0.10) (0.10)
SSRM 0.15 0.10 −0.20 −0.28
(0.27) (0.16) (0.26) (0.19)
Gender X SSRM −0.32 −0.67** 0.64* 0.57*
(0.34) (0.23) (0.30) (0.24)
FLSA −0.01 0.07 −0.21 −0.02
(0.14) (0.09) (0.12) (0.08)
Gender X FLSA 0.10 −0.44*** 0.75*** 0.28**
(0.17) (0.12) (0.14) (0.09)
R 2 0.07 0.07 0.14 0.25 0.21 0.43 0.22 0.35
ΔR2 0.00 0.11 0.22 0.13
R2 Adjusted 0.05 0.03 0.11 0.22 0.19 0.41 0.20 0.32
F 3.01* 2.12* 9.20*** 7.08*** 15.83*** 27.08*** 14.23*** 20.24***

N = 248; robust standard errors in parentheses; The baseline for ΔR2 is established by Model 1, Model 3, Model 5, and Model 7, respectively. Gender was coded as 1 = female, 0 = male; Academic degree (1 = yes, 0 = no); First-gen = first-generation college student (1 = yes, 0 = no); PLE = past leadership experience (1 = yes, 0 = no); SSRM = same-sex role model (1 = yes, 0 = no); FLSA = female leadership strength awareness; AFF-MTL = affective-identity motivation to lead; SN-MTL = social normative motivation to lead; NC-MTL = non-calculative motivation to lead; PS-MTL = prosocial motivation to lead. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.