Table 1.
Prevalence of congenital birth defects in 0–14 years old from 1990 to 2021 at the global and regional level.
| Location | Rate per 100 000 (95% UI), percent change (%) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2021 |
1990–2021 |
|||||
| Prevalence number | Prevalence Rate | Prevalence number | Prevalence Rate | Percent change | EAPC | AAPC | |
| Global | 29655482.29(26706229.74,32894804.58) | 1705.17(1535.59,1891.43) | 31636759.02(28440817.08,35157389.69) | 1572.51(1413.66,1747.51) | −7.78(-9.27,-6.30) | −0.17(-0.21,-0.13) | −4.20(-4.33,-4.08) |
| High SDI | 3101400.62(2842296.64,3399234.72) | 1669.14(1529.70,1829.44) | 2623497.47(2408444.04,2864268.57) | 1520.55(1395.90,1660.09) | −8.90(-10.35,-7.44) | −0.23(-0.26,-0.19) | −4.80(-4.94,-4.67) |
| High-middle SDI | 4667855.61(4232232.21,5130754.52) | 1705.94(1546.74,1875.12) | 3489088.95(3174130.74,3805648.62) | 1511.15(1374.74,1648.25) | −11.42(-13.47,-9.34) | −0.12(-0.22,-0.02) | −6.36(-6.51,-6.21) |
| Middle SDI | 9187648.46(8269613.63,10219054.66) | 1591.72(1432.68,1770.41) | 8214106.06(7401467.68,9070575.32) | 1449.05(1305.69,1600.14) | −8.96(-10.78,-6.98) | −0.15(-0.21,-0.10) | −4.72(-4.82,-4.61) |
| Low-middle SDI | 8410191.39(7541709.94,9406253.79) | 1781.40(1597.44,1992.38) | 9495469.46(8509708.00,10635960.24) | 1637.60(1467.59,1834.29) | −8.07(-9.57,-6.56) | −0.24(-0.26,-0.21) | −4.65(-4.75,-4.55) |
| Low SDI | 4265884.07(3814937.04,4768848.67) | 1863.54(1666.54,2083.25) | 7791719.27(6937731.73,8682606.86) | 1693.02(1507.46,1886.60) | −9.15(-10.72,-7.52) | −0.33(-0.37,-0.30) | −5.36(-5.54,-5.18) |
| Andean Latin America | 209116.48(186352.40,233807.98) | 1408.00(1254.73,1574.25) | 253454.93(229504.61,278461.42) | 1400.71(1268.35,1538.90) | −0.52(-3.86,3.14) | −0.00(-0.04,0.03) | −0.08(-0.22,0.07) |
| Australasia | 72164.02(65948.73,79052.22) | 1573.59(1438.06,1723.79) | 82147.78(74917.56,89761.88) | 1433.36(1307.20,1566.21) | −8.91(-12.56,-5.22) | −0.26(-0.30,-0.23) | −4.93(-5.39,-4.47) |
| Caribbean | 177637.67(159937.38,196311.42) | 1556.53(1401.43,1720.16) | 179205.57(160769.32,199228.94) | 1557.62(1397.37,1731.66) | 0.07(-2.52,2.45) | 0.03(0.01,0.05) | 0.03(-0.13,0.18) |
| Central Asia | 477802.21(434256.92,522404.67) | 1911.88(1737.64,2090.35) | 531551.87(483756.61,583430.46) | 1920.64(1747.94,2108.09) | 0.46(-1.55,2.36) | 0.24(0.11,0.36) | 0.09(-0.21,0.38) |
| Central Europe | 433700.10(397233.85,475431.63) | 1470.99(1347.30,1612.53) | 255067.99(233391.78,280593.84) | 1440.96(1318.51,1585.17) | −2.04(-3.92,-0.24) | 0.04(-0.01,0.09) | −0.91(-1.05,-0.77) |
| Central Latin America | 1374061.17(1174995.96,1601052.36) | 2134.26(1825.06,2486.83) | 1235280.25(1071767.14,1417672.83) | 1945.78(1688.22,2233.08) | −8.83(-11.50,-6.12) | −0.32(-0.34,-0.30) | −6.17(-6.32,-6.01) |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 480552.91(429514.75,534143.38) | 1899.52(1697.78,2111.35) | 980981.71(877223.58,1100080.97) | 1671.70(1494.89,1874.66) | −11.99(-15.10,-8.97) | −0.40(-0.46,-0.33) | −7.11(-7.33,-6.89) |
| East Asia | 4899250.54(4420609.08,5419042.17) | 1485.37(1340.25,1642.96) | 3264359.00(2970053.14,3569065.18) | 1221.00(1110.91,1334.97) | −17.80(-20.93,-14.52) | −0.28(-0.40,-0.16) | −8.84(-9.26,-8.41) |
| Eastern Europe | 1018481.14(924301.20,1116394.25) | 1979.09(1796.09,2169.36) | 622934.80(566379.69,682382.86) | 1757.52(1597.95,1925.24) | −11.20(-12.79,-9.57) | −0.01(-0.17,0.15) | −7.07(-7.48,-6.66) |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 1627728.53(1460890.52,1818379.74) | 1797.19(1612.98,2007.69) | 2837515.10(2528821.72,3167769.44) | 1590.25(1417.25,1775.34) | −11.51(-13.49,-9.55) | −0.41(-0.45,-0.38) | −6.51(-6.78,-6.25) |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 829646.00(723781.43,946799.69) | 2356.98(2056.22,2689.81) | 500742.26(437971.57,570313.87) | 2232.91(1953.00,2543.14) | −5.26(-8.38,-1.96) | −0.19(-0.22,-0.15) | −4.07(-4.31,-3.84) |
| High-income North America | 862272.71(786239.59,947421.93) | 1398.03(1274.76,1536.09) | 818144.52(752480.01,884316.10) | 1246.81(1146.74,1347.65) | −10.82(-13.58,-8.24) | −0.29(-0.35,-0.23) | −4.56(-4.98,-4.14) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 2611692.88(2363533.46,2896769.09) | 1859.05(1682.40,2061.97) | 3114927.37(2814423.58,3443403.63) | 1699.16(1535.23,1878.34) | −8.60(-10.36,-6.79) | −0.18(-0.24,-0.12) | −5.04(-5.34,-4.75) |
| Oceania | 36568.09(33070.48,40388.19) | 1364.55(1234.04,1507.10) | 74727.39(67587.21,83158.76) | 1470.76(1330.23,1636.70) | 7.78(4.17,11.13) | 0.27(0.25,0.29) | 3.36(3.25,3.47) |
| South Asia | 7862221.56(7019469.58,8873882.89) | 1814.24(1619.77,2047.68) | 8292168.03(7404632.26,9431558.89) | 1635.47(1460.42,1860.19) | −9.85(-11.48,-8.11) | −0.31(-0.33,-0.28) | −5.79(-5.92,-5.66) |
| Southeast Asia | 2460290.37(2187223.67,2776613.73) | 1440.89(1280.97,1626.15) | 2372963.75(2111292.86,2668711.43) | 1374.41(1222.85,1545.70) | −4.61(-6.12,-2.92) | −0.13(-0.15,-0.11) | −2.19(-2.24,-2.13) |
| Southern Latin America | 249631.94(222831.78,278496.02) | 1672.42(1492.87,1865.79) | 241944.60(216758.08,268647.77) | 1669.10(1495.34,1853.31) | −0.20(-4.37,4.20) | 0.16(0.08,0.24) | −0.10(-0.27,0.07) |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 335590.44(304913.60,367933.25) | 1622.05(1473.77,1778.37) | 384297.58(348085.27,423085.87) | 1596.86(1446.39,1758.03) | −1.55(-3.66,0.64) | 0.07(-0.00,0.13) | −1.11(-1.30,-0.92) |
| Tropical Latin America | 799568.09(732859.30,865954.40) | 1491.34(1366.92,1615.17) | 725190.26(658133.24,798048.66) | 1444.80(1311.20,1589.96) | −3.12(-6.86,0.82) | −0.07(-0.09,-0.05) | −1.45(-1.80,-1.10) |
| Western Europe | 1194459.75(1102917.88,1290811.80) | 1681.90(1553.01,1817.58) | 1124837.82(1031660.11,1231368.96) | 1651.30(1514.51,1807.69) | −1.82(-4.44,0.58) | 0.01(-0.03,0.06) | −1.13(-1.25,-1.01) |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 1643045.70(1469390.12,1834623.30) | 1869.65(1672.04,2087.65) | 3744316.47(3343370.45,4181135.47) | 1743.46(1556.77,1946.85) | −6.75(-8.12,-5.25) | −0.26(-0.32,-0.20) | −4.05(-4.26,-3.85) |
SDI, Sociodemographic Index (five categories; countries with a high, high-middle, middle, low-middle, or low sociodemographic index); UI, uncertainty interval; EAPC, Estimated Annual Percentage Change; AAPC, Average Annual Percent Change.